Effects of gelam honey and 5-fluorouracil against human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells through in-vitro and in-vivo studies
For colon cancer patients, surgical treatment, coupled with chemotherapy are often chosen by doctors to treat the disease. Chemotherapy tends to have side effects, such as reduced body immunity, mouth diseases, diarrhoea, and others. Typically, traditional and alternative medicine, such as honey, ca...
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
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| Summary: | For colon cancer patients, surgical treatment, coupled with chemotherapy are often chosen by doctors to treat the disease. Chemotherapy tends to have side effects, such as reduced body immunity, mouth diseases, diarrhoea, and others. Typically, traditional and alternative medicine, such as honey, can be used to enhance the effects of existing therapies. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the effects f gelam honey, 5-tluorouracil, and their combination against HT-29 colon cancer cell. The cytotoxic effect of gelam honey and 5-fluorouracil against HT-29 cells was at 36.2 mg/ml and 15.5 ug/ml, respectively. The combination of gelam honey and 5-fluoroumcil showed a stronger cytotoxic effect, at a value of 13.2 mg/ml, when compared to the cytotoxic effect of gelam honey alone. Both treatments inhibited the proliferation of HT- 29 cells in time- and dose-dependent manner, respectively. Based on Annexin- V FITC assay and AO/PI staining, it was demonstrated that gelam honey or 5-fluorouracil alone caused the cells to undergo apoptosis at 17.98% and 23.35%, respectively. The combined treatment instigated more cells to undergo apoptosis at 24.96% after 12 h oftreatment. An examination of the mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that the mitochondrial membrane of the HT -29 cell had undergone depolarisation after exposure to the gelam honey and 5-fluorouracil. This condition caused some important proteins in the apoptotic process to be activated. In the study of the pro-apoptosis protein, gelam honey and the combination of gelam honey with 5-fluorouracil were found to activate p53 and Bax proteins.The caspase analysis revealed that caspase-S, caspase-9, and caspase-317 were activated in the combined treatment. Finally, in-vitro studies on DNA fragmentation of HT -29 cells showed that most of the HT -29 cells treated with gelam honey and the combination of gelam honey with 5-fluorouracil suffered severe DNA damage, resulting in death by apoptosis. Besides, in-vivo studies were conducted to investigate the anti-tumour effects of gelam honey and 5-fluorourcil in AOM-induced rats. Gelam honey markedly reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of AOM-induced rats and reduced damage to the colon. In conclusion, gelam honey has a strong potential as an anti-cancer and anti-tumour agent that can be taken in cancer therapy strategies. |
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| Physical Description: | xix,128leaves: illustrations; 30cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-123) |