Preparation and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate filled clamshell's biocomposite /
A totally green biocomposite based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), clamshells biofiller (CaCO3) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder was prepared through melt blending technique using Brabender machine. The properties of biocomposites are studied in term of mechanical, thermal, morphological and...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kuala Lumpur :
Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia,
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library. |
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| Summary: | A totally green biocomposite based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), clamshells biofiller (CaCO3) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder was prepared through melt blending technique using Brabender machine. The properties of biocomposites are studied in term of mechanical, thermal, morphological and biodegradability. This study focus on the effect of CaCO3 filler loading and the effect of PVP binder loading towards the properties of PHB biocomposites. In the other hand, the focus is also given to the comparison between properties of PHB filled calcium carbonate from the clamshells biocomposite (CaCO3) and the PHB filled commercial calcium carbonate (PCC) biocomposite. The mechanical properties of biocomposites are studied through tensile, flexural and impact tests. The morphology of the biocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties are characterized by using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Besides that, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried along to know the filler dispersion and the existence of the possible functional group. The biodegradability test was also carried out in order to check the degradation rate of this biocomposite. In mechanical study, the increment in CaCO3 filler loading up to 30 wt% to biocomposite resulted in increment of tensile strength and tensile modulus properties. However, the elongation at break deteriorates in opposite ways. The trend is similar to flexural and impact properties too. Besides that, the addition of PVP also increases the mechanical properties. The result showed that the addition of 7 phr PVP in PHB biocomposite increase the modulus of biocomposite up to 30%. However, the addition of more than 7 phr PVP reduces the mechanical properties of biocomposite. The SEM micrograph revealed the existence of microvoids indicated fine dispersion of CaCO3 into the PHB matrix due to good binding effect. In thermal analysis, increment in CaCO3 filler loading has slightly decreased the thermal stability of the biocomposite. However, CaCO3 prevent the degradation of the total biocomposite. The remaining residue increased with the increasing of CaCO3 filler loading indicated that CaCO3 degrade at higher temperature, which was above 800 oC by literature review. The result shows the increment in PVP weight percentage in biocomposite has slightly decreased the thermal stability of the biocomposite. In this study, the addition of 9 phr PVP shows the significant effect on thermal stability of PHB/CaCO3 biocomposite. In water absorption, inclusion of more CaCO3 hydrophilic increase the rate of water uptake. Additionally, the inclusion of PVP also increases the water absorption rate by providing the hydrophilic region in the biocomposite. In other characterization, FTIR revealed the existence of new bonding between the hydroxyl group from the PHB and the carbonyl group of PVP. Biodegradability test shows addition of more CaCO3 and PVP helps to increase the rate of degradation. It is due to the influences of CaCO3 and PVP towards microbial activity and environmental elements such as water and heat in the soil. |
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| Physical Description: | xxiii, 182 leaves : ill. ; 30cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-181). |