Factors regulating nitric oxide production in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with Piper sarmentosum /
Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases making it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Piper sarmentosum (PS) leaves have been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases including hypertension. Phenolic compounds are the major act...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kuantan, Pahang :
Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia,
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library. |
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| Summary: | Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases making it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Piper sarmentosum (PS) leaves have been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases including hypertension. Phenolic compounds are the major active constituents in PS. The dose of Piper sarmentosum aqueous extract (PSAE) which reduces the blood pressure (BP) effectively has been patented as Kadukmy™. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antihypertensive potential of Kadukmy™ and to investigate the factors modulating nitric oxide (NO) production through its antioxidant activities. Method: The PS leaves were extracted with distilled water and freeze-dried. The PSAE was examined to quantify their antioxidant activities through the DPPH test, FRAP test and then screened for the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). In spontaneously hypertensive rats, the arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded using the non-invasive tail-cuff technique. The antihypertensive effect of Kadukmy™ was evaluated using four different groups (n=6); C group (negative control), K group (Kadukmy™), P group (3 mg/kg perindopril), M group (Kadukmy™ + 1.5 mg/kg perindopril) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for four weeks. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate were weekly recorded using the tail-cuff technique for four weeks. Then the animals were sacrificed, and their blood was collected for the determination of the serum NO level using Griess assay. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and arginine level were determined using HPLC. Results: The PSAE showed good in-vitro antioxidant activities. Kadukmy™ group showed a significant lowering effect of blood pressure compared to the control group. Kadukmy™ antihypertensive activity was associated with an increase in serum NO level and a decrease in ADMA level. Meanwhile, the arginine level does not change significantly. Conclusion: PSAE showed an antihypertensive effect in Kadukmy™ treated SHR. Its high antioxidant activity enhances the clearance of ADMA which leads to the increase in the NO level. Keywords: Piper sarmentosum, Kadukmy™, antioxidant activity, spontaneously hypertensive rats, blood pressure, heart rate, hypertension, nitric oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, non-invasive blood pressure tail cuff. |
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| Physical Description: | xvi, 86 leaves : colour illustrations ; 30cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-82). |