Opioid tolerance and adherence and its relationship to cytokine concentrations among patients with non-cancer pain at pain clinics in three tertiary hospitals /

Introduction: Opioids are strong analgesics that have been used for centuries for the treatment of pain. The long-term use of opioid in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is controversial as the available evidence is limited to short term efficacy and side effects. Several concerns are raised regarding...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mizher, Hussam Abdeljabar Ahmad (Author)
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: Kuantan, Pahang : Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2019
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Online Access:Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library.
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