Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari

Excessive use of commercial herbicides in agriculture can negatively impact the environment, leading to water pollution. The intercalation of herbicides, mainly 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) and 2-methyl- 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) into the interlayer of calcium-aluminium layered double...

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Main Author:	Bohari, Farah Liyana
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	SB Plant culture Nanotechnology
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/91035/1/91035.pdf
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.910352024-03-18T00:56:06Z Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari 2023 Bohari, Farah Liyana SB Plant culture Nanotechnology Excessive use of commercial herbicides in agriculture can negatively impact the environment, leading to water pollution. The intercalation of herbicides, mainly 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) and 2-methyl- 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) into the interlayer of calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide (CAL) host was done to minimize the side effects by employing the controlled release profile. CAL host synthesis and the herbicide intercalation were achieved via co-precipitation method, resulting in CAL-4CPA and CAL-MCPA. The CAL host were prepared in six molar ratios (Ri) ranging from 1:1 to 1:6 using varying compositions of aluminium nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) and constant compositions of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·6H2O), referred to as R1 to R6. The suitable ratio, R3 was selected for the intercalation process of 4-CPA and MCPA at various concentrations of 0.025 M, 0.05 M and 0.10 M. Later, 0.025 M was selected as the optimum concentration for the intercalation of 4-CPA and MCPA at varied pH values of 11, 12 and 13. The intercalation was supported by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, showing an expansion of the basal spacing from 8.60 Å to 12.11 Å and 19.90 Å for CAL-4CPA and CAL-MCPA, respectively. Moreover, the absence of nitrate peak at 1326 cm-1 for both intercalated compounds in the Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectra has proven the intercalation. This is in agreement with the lower nitrogen content in elemental analysis and displayed high thermal stability for CAL-4CPA and CAL-MCPA. 2023 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/91035/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/91035/1/91035.pdf text en public masters Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Applied Sciences Sheikh Mohd Ghazali, Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Sheikh Mohd Ghazali, Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin
topic	SB Plant culture Nanotechnology
spellingShingle	SB Plant culture Nanotechnology Bohari, Farah Liyana Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari
description	Excessive use of commercial herbicides in agriculture can negatively impact the environment, leading to water pollution. The intercalation of herbicides, mainly 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) and 2-methyl- 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) into the interlayer of calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide (CAL) host was done to minimize the side effects by employing the controlled release profile. CAL host synthesis and the herbicide intercalation were achieved via co-precipitation method, resulting in CAL-4CPA and CAL-MCPA. The CAL host were prepared in six molar ratios (Ri) ranging from 1:1 to 1:6 using varying compositions of aluminium nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) and constant compositions of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·6H2O), referred to as R1 to R6. The suitable ratio, R3 was selected for the intercalation process of 4-CPA and MCPA at various concentrations of 0.025 M, 0.05 M and 0.10 M. Later, 0.025 M was selected as the optimum concentration for the intercalation of 4-CPA and MCPA at varied pH values of 11, 12 and 13. The intercalation was supported by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, showing an expansion of the basal spacing from 8.60 Å to 12.11 Å and 19.90 Å for CAL-4CPA and CAL-MCPA, respectively. Moreover, the absence of nitrate peak at 1326 cm-1 for both intercalated compounds in the Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectra has proven the intercalation. This is in agreement with the lower nitrogen content in elemental analysis and displayed high thermal stability for CAL-4CPA and CAL-MCPA.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Bohari, Farah Liyana
author_facet	Bohari, Farah Liyana
author_sort	Bohari, Farah Liyana
title	Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari
title_short	Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari
title_full	Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari
title_fullStr	Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari
title_sort	synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / farah liyana bohari
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2023
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/91035/1/91035.pdf
_version_	1794192253235757056

Synthesis and characterization of phenoxy group herbicides intercalated into calcium-aluminium layered double hydroxide and its controlled release profile / Farah Liyana Bohari

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