Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends

Diesel engines are attractive power units that are used widely in many fields and have become one of the larger contributors of total petroleum consumption. However, diesel engines are among the main contributors to emissions into the air, especially particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)...

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Main Author:	Ahmad Fitri, Yusop
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Q Science (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/13159/19/Investigation%20of%20particulate%20matter%20and%20combustion%20characteristics%20of%20a%20diesel%20engine%20fueled%20with%20palm%20oil%20methyl%20ester%20and%20diesel%20blends.pdf
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spelling	my-ump-ir.131592021-11-17T01:22:30Z Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends 2015-12 Ahmad Fitri, Yusop Q Science (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Diesel engines are attractive power units that are used widely in many fields and have become one of the larger contributors of total petroleum consumption. However, diesel engines are among the main contributors to emissions into the air, especially particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). PM is one of the major pollutants emitted by diesel engines and has adverse effects on human health. However, not many studies have been conducted on the PM concentration and PM morphological and size distribution on biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel, which produces less PM than diesel fuel, is preferred as an alternative source for diesel engines. Therefore, using palm oil methyl ester (POME) for diesel engines would be a more economical and sustainable solution. The objective of this research is to study the PM emissions characteristic from diesel engines fuelled with a diesel and POME blend. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to determine the aggregate fractal prefactor, spherule, and aggregate size distribution. A comparison between diesel and the POME blend was made in terms of PM characterization, which involves PM mass concentration, its components soluble organic fraction (SOF) and dry soot (DS), and its influence on PM morphology such as spherule and aggregate correlation. Combustion characteristics such as in-cylinder pressure and rate of heat release of the engine as well as gaseous emissions were also observed at different operating engine loads. The results show that PM emissions of B100 are lower than those of diesel fuel owing to the oxygen content of POME. Observations of images on PM morphology showed a chainlike agglomeration, which is an extremely small non-uniform nanostructure. Simultaneously, the aggregate size distribution shifted to a smaller diameter as the blending ratio of POME in the fuel increased. The observation of in-cylinder pressure showed that the increment of pressure with the increasing POME blend as well as the increasing engine load is due to high cetane number for B100 that led to a shorten ignition delay. The engine brake thermal efficiency between the POME blend and mineral diesel was comparable. Furthermore, B100 fuels showed lower engine power at higher brake-specific fuel consumption compared to other tested fuels. In terms of gaseous emissions, increasing POME blends led to an increase in CO2 and NOx while decreasing CO emission. Meanwhile, as the engine load increased, CO2, NOx and CO also continued to increase. The effect of the POME blend on the PM-NOx trade-off observation showed that B100 simultaneously increased the NOx and decreased the PM emission. Both the wavelet analysis and coefficient of variation revealed that increasing the POME ratio provided a noticeable effect on increasing the engine cycle-to-cycle variations. It can be concluded that POME creates lower PM concentration while giving some negative feedback to NOx and resulting in smaller particle size. Moreover, the findings reveal that by having the wavelet analysis, one can predict the behavior of the PM emissions and subsequently further research helps to reduce them effectively and economically. 2015-12 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/13159/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/13159/19/Investigation%20of%20particulate%20matter%20and%20combustion%20characteristics%20of%20a%20diesel%20engine%20fueled%20with%20palm%20oil%20methyl%20ester%20and%20diesel%20blends.pdf pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Q Science (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Ahmad Fitri, Yusop Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends
description	Diesel engines are attractive power units that are used widely in many fields and have become one of the larger contributors of total petroleum consumption. However, diesel engines are among the main contributors to emissions into the air, especially particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). PM is one of the major pollutants emitted by diesel engines and has adverse effects on human health. However, not many studies have been conducted on the PM concentration and PM morphological and size distribution on biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel, which produces less PM than diesel fuel, is preferred as an alternative source for diesel engines. Therefore, using palm oil methyl ester (POME) for diesel engines would be a more economical and sustainable solution. The objective of this research is to study the PM emissions characteristic from diesel engines fuelled with a diesel and POME blend. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to determine the aggregate fractal prefactor, spherule, and aggregate size distribution. A comparison between diesel and the POME blend was made in terms of PM characterization, which involves PM mass concentration, its components soluble organic fraction (SOF) and dry soot (DS), and its influence on PM morphology such as spherule and aggregate correlation. Combustion characteristics such as in-cylinder pressure and rate of heat release of the engine as well as gaseous emissions were also observed at different operating engine loads. The results show that PM emissions of B100 are lower than those of diesel fuel owing to the oxygen content of POME. Observations of images on PM morphology showed a chainlike agglomeration, which is an extremely small non-uniform nanostructure. Simultaneously, the aggregate size distribution shifted to a smaller diameter as the blending ratio of POME in the fuel increased. The observation of in-cylinder pressure showed that the increment of pressure with the increasing POME blend as well as the increasing engine load is due to high cetane number for B100 that led to a shorten ignition delay. The engine brake thermal efficiency between the POME blend and mineral diesel was comparable. Furthermore, B100 fuels showed lower engine power at higher brake-specific fuel consumption compared to other tested fuels. In terms of gaseous emissions, increasing POME blends led to an increase in CO2 and NOx while decreasing CO emission. Meanwhile, as the engine load increased, CO2, NOx and CO also continued to increase. The effect of the POME blend on the PM-NOx trade-off observation showed that B100 simultaneously increased the NOx and decreased the PM emission. Both the wavelet analysis and coefficient of variation revealed that increasing the POME ratio provided a noticeable effect on increasing the engine cycle-to-cycle variations. It can be concluded that POME creates lower PM concentration while giving some negative feedback to NOx and resulting in smaller particle size. Moreover, the findings reveal that by having the wavelet analysis, one can predict the behavior of the PM emissions and subsequently further research helps to reduce them effectively and economically.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Ahmad Fitri, Yusop
author_facet	Ahmad Fitri, Yusop
author_sort	Ahmad Fitri, Yusop
title	Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends
title_short	Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends
title_full	Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends
title_fullStr	Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends
title_sort	investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/13159/19/Investigation%20of%20particulate%20matter%20and%20combustion%20characteristics%20of%20a%20diesel%20engine%20fueled%20with%20palm%20oil%20methyl%20ester%20and%20diesel%20blends.pdf
_version_	1783731980742950912

Investigation of particulate matter and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester and diesel blends

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