Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils

In the present work, waste source, namely deoiled spent bleaching clay (DSBC) loaded with K, Ca and La, have been successfully utilized as solid catalysts in the transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBD-PO), waste palm cooking oil (WPCO) and spent bleaching clay (SBC)...

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Main Author:	Rehan, Zainol Abidin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/1/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils..pdf
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spelling	my-ump-ir.197052023-01-30T06:41:02Z Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils 2017-06 Rehan, Zainol Abidin Q Science (General) In the present work, waste source, namely deoiled spent bleaching clay (DSBC) loaded with K, Ca and La, have been successfully utilized as solid catalysts in the transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBD-PO), waste palm cooking oil (WPCO) and spent bleaching clay (SBC) oil to produce methyl esters (biodiesel). The triglycerides source from waste source such as WPCO and SBC can help to reduce the production cost and do not cause food issue. But these types of feedstocks have high moisture and free fatty acid (FFA) hence; we need to find a heterogeneous catalyst to overcome this. In order to enhance the catalytic activity, the deoiled SBC had been calcined at 500 °C for 10 h and doped with KOH, CaO and La2O3 using wet impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized with TGA, FTIR, XRD, XRF, BET, FESEM, ICP and Hammett indicators (phenolphthalein, 2,4-dinitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline). In the transesterification reaction, we found out that K-DSB gives the best yield. The best reaction conditions found to be: for transesterification of RBD-PO, WPCO and SBC oil using K-DSBC was 3 wt.% catalyst amount (based on oil weight) and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio for 2 h reaction period producing 98.9 % methyl ester yield. Meanwhile for the transesterification of WPCO and SBC oil require 3 h and 4 h reaction duration. All catalysts undergo transesterification at the reflux temperature of methanol (65 °C). Furthermore, the regenerated of the catalytic activity was investigated, and found that all the three catalysts could be reused up to five times, while maintaining methyl esters content above 80%. In addition, the catalysts exhibit tolerance towards the presence of water at 1.75% and 2.0% and FFA at 1.75% and 1.75%, respectively, with over 80% of methyl esters content. 2017-06 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/1/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils..pdf pdf en public masters Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Gaanty Pragas, Maniam
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Rehan, Zainol Abidin Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
description	In the present work, waste source, namely deoiled spent bleaching clay (DSBC) loaded with K, Ca and La, have been successfully utilized as solid catalysts in the transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein (RBD-PO), waste palm cooking oil (WPCO) and spent bleaching clay (SBC) oil to produce methyl esters (biodiesel). The triglycerides source from waste source such as WPCO and SBC can help to reduce the production cost and do not cause food issue. But these types of feedstocks have high moisture and free fatty acid (FFA) hence; we need to find a heterogeneous catalyst to overcome this. In order to enhance the catalytic activity, the deoiled SBC had been calcined at 500 °C for 10 h and doped with KOH, CaO and La2O3 using wet impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized with TGA, FTIR, XRD, XRF, BET, FESEM, ICP and Hammett indicators (phenolphthalein, 2,4-dinitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline). In the transesterification reaction, we found out that K-DSB gives the best yield. The best reaction conditions found to be: for transesterification of RBD-PO, WPCO and SBC oil using K-DSBC was 3 wt.% catalyst amount (based on oil weight) and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio for 2 h reaction period producing 98.9 % methyl ester yield. Meanwhile for the transesterification of WPCO and SBC oil require 3 h and 4 h reaction duration. All catalysts undergo transesterification at the reflux temperature of methanol (65 °C). Furthermore, the regenerated of the catalytic activity was investigated, and found that all the three catalysts could be reused up to five times, while maintaining methyl esters content above 80%. In addition, the catalysts exhibit tolerance towards the presence of water at 1.75% and 2.0% and FFA at 1.75% and 1.75%, respectively, with over 80% of methyl esters content.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Rehan, Zainol Abidin
author_facet	Rehan, Zainol Abidin
author_sort	Rehan, Zainol Abidin
title	Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_short	Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_full	Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_fullStr	Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_full_unstemmed	Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
title_sort	alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
publishDate	2017
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/19705/1/Alkali%20and%20rare%20earth%20metals%20loading%20on%20deoiled-spent%20bleaching%20clay%20as%20catalysts%20in%20transesterification%20of%20waste%20oils..pdf
_version_	1783732047200649216

Alkali and rare earth metals loading on deoiled-spent bleaching clay as catalysts in transesterification of waste oils

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