Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production

Currently, environment conservation issues had been rising due to the extensive usage of mineral and synthetic oil based lubricants. The direct application of vegetable oil as biolubricant base oil to overcome these environmental concerns had some drawbacks due to poor oxidation, thermal and hydroly...

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Main Author:	Malar Vizhli, Sivaguru
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31076/1/Synthesis%20of%20catalyst%20from%20eggshell%20and%20perna%20v.%20Shell%20for%20biolubricant.pdf
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spelling	my-ump-ir.310762021-04-07T04:23:28Z Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production 2019-05 Malar Vizhli, Sivaguru TP Chemical technology Currently, environment conservation issues had been rising due to the extensive usage of mineral and synthetic oil based lubricants. The direct application of vegetable oil as biolubricant base oil to overcome these environmental concerns had some drawbacks due to poor oxidation, thermal and hydrolytic stability of the vegetable oil. Catalytic transesterification is widely used in industry to tackle these limitations. In order to tackle the problems arise with the usage of existing homogeneous and heterogeneouscatalyst, this study focused on employment of non- and potassium hydroxide impregnated heterogeneous calcium oxide catalyst from waste egg and Perna V. shell catalysts. The potential of impregnated waste based catalyst in the synthesis of biolubricant still have not been explored. The performances of these catalysts were being tested. The non- and impregnated egg and Perna V. catalysts were prepared and the decomposition temperature, surface morphology, surface area and X-Ray diffraction patterns and elemental composition of the catalysts were investigated. The two steps of transesterification reaction of castor oil into final product of castor oil trimethylolpropane triester were researched. The production of biolubricant consists of two catalytic transesterification reactions in series with castor oil methyl ester as intermediate product. The highest intermediate product, castor oil methyl ester were obtained at reaction time of 2 hours, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, operation temperature of 65° and 2wt/wt% of catalyst loading. The effective catalyst for this reaction was potassium impregnated Perna V. shell catalyst with castor oil methyl ester yield of 92.2%. The optimum operation conditions for second catalytic transesterification reaction between castor oil methyl ester and trimethylolpropane was at 120°C, reaction time of 3 hours with 3wt/wt% of catalyst concentration and 4:1trimethylolpropane to castor oil methyl ester molar ratio. The best catalyst for the second transesterificationreaction was potassium impregnated eggshell catalyst with 71.4% of triester composition. For both the reaction, the impregnated catalyst performed better than the non-impregnated catalysts due to the presence of enhanced active sites for the transesterification to take place. The produced trimethylolpropane esters followed the biolubricant standards for hydraulic purposes. 2019-05 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31076/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31076/1/Synthesis%20of%20catalyst%20from%20eggshell%20and%20perna%20v.%20Shell%20for%20biolubricant.pdf pdf en public masters Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Malar Vizhli, Sivaguru Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production
description	Currently, environment conservation issues had been rising due to the extensive usage of mineral and synthetic oil based lubricants. The direct application of vegetable oil as biolubricant base oil to overcome these environmental concerns had some drawbacks due to poor oxidation, thermal and hydrolytic stability of the vegetable oil. Catalytic transesterification is widely used in industry to tackle these limitations. In order to tackle the problems arise with the usage of existing homogeneous and heterogeneouscatalyst, this study focused on employment of non- and potassium hydroxide impregnated heterogeneous calcium oxide catalyst from waste egg and Perna V. shell catalysts. The potential of impregnated waste based catalyst in the synthesis of biolubricant still have not been explored. The performances of these catalysts were being tested. The non- and impregnated egg and Perna V. catalysts were prepared and the decomposition temperature, surface morphology, surface area and X-Ray diffraction patterns and elemental composition of the catalysts were investigated. The two steps of transesterification reaction of castor oil into final product of castor oil trimethylolpropane triester were researched. The production of biolubricant consists of two catalytic transesterification reactions in series with castor oil methyl ester as intermediate product. The highest intermediate product, castor oil methyl ester were obtained at reaction time of 2 hours, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, operation temperature of 65° and 2wt/wt% of catalyst loading. The effective catalyst for this reaction was potassium impregnated Perna V. shell catalyst with castor oil methyl ester yield of 92.2%. The optimum operation conditions for second catalytic transesterification reaction between castor oil methyl ester and trimethylolpropane was at 120°C, reaction time of 3 hours with 3wt/wt% of catalyst concentration and 4:1trimethylolpropane to castor oil methyl ester molar ratio. The best catalyst for the second transesterificationreaction was potassium impregnated eggshell catalyst with 71.4% of triester composition. For both the reaction, the impregnated catalyst performed better than the non-impregnated catalysts due to the presence of enhanced active sites for the transesterification to take place. The produced trimethylolpropane esters followed the biolubricant standards for hydraulic purposes.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Malar Vizhli, Sivaguru
author_facet	Malar Vizhli, Sivaguru
author_sort	Malar Vizhli, Sivaguru
title	Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production
title_short	Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production
title_full	Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production
title_fullStr	Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production
title_sort	synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. shell for biolubricant production
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
publishDate	2019
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31076/1/Synthesis%20of%20catalyst%20from%20eggshell%20and%20perna%20v.%20Shell%20for%20biolubricant.pdf
_version_	1783732150124675072

Synthesis of catalyst from eggshell and perna v. Shell for biolubricant production

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