Globalization and its impact on public policy formulation and implementation : case study of forest conservation in Sabah
This focus of this thesis is to study how the process of globalization affected forest use and policy development in Sabah using historical and survey methods. Recognizing the multiple effects of globalization process, it is argued that globalization has resulted in not only severe loss and degra...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2009
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/19744/1/Globalization%20and%20its%20impact.pdf |
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| Summary: | This focus of this thesis is to study how the process of globalization affected forest
use and policy development in Sabah using historical and survey methods.
Recognizing the multiple effects of globalization process, it is argued that
globalization has resulted in not only severe loss and degradation of the forests but
also contributed to the conservation of forests. On the one hand, forces under
economic globalization, namely development practice, increasing global demand of
tropical woods, consumerism ideology and emphasis on competition, contributed to
the rampant forest exploitation. Furthermore, economic globalization facilitated the
exploitation of forests through local sociopolitical dynamics such as patronage,
federal-state politics and wealth seeking behavior thus accelerating forest loss and
degradation. On the other hand, globalization played significant role in the
acceptance of forest conservation agenda by the state. The globalization of the
idea that forests' survival was crucial for the maintenance of the ecosystem fueled
forest conservation effort. In addition, economic globalization contributed to
sustainable exploitation of the forests within the context of sustainable
development framework. International bodies including NGOs such WWF,
collaborated with local institutional actors to boost the acceptance of forest
conservation as a major state agenda. The implementation of forest conservation
agenda reflects both market and conservation needs under globalization. The
state's commitment to conservation was reflected by the various legislations related
to forest conservation since the mid 1990s, but actual implementation suggests
emphasis on financial gains. Furthermore, conservation efforts did not result in
better condition of the forests although the size of forest conservation area had
significantly increased. |
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