Impact of acid mine drainages from abandoned Mamut copper mine on selected metals in sediments of Mamut-Langganan River and Bambangan River, Ranau, Sabah
The occurrences of acid mine drainages at abandoned Mamut Copper Mine, Ranau can adversely affect the surrounding rivers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of AMD inputs on the status of copper, zinc, iron and aluminium, in the sediments of Mamut-Langganan River and Bambangan Rive...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38022/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38022/2/FULLTEXT.pdf |
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| Summary: | The occurrences of acid mine drainages at abandoned Mamut Copper Mine, Ranau can adversely affect the surrounding rivers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of AMD inputs on the status of copper, zinc, iron and aluminium, in the sediments of Mamut-Langganan River and Bambangan River, Ranau Sabah. The total concentration of heavy metals in six particle size fractions namely <0.063mm, 0.063-<0.125mm, 0.125-<0.25mm, 0.25-<0.50mm, 0.50-<1.00mm and 1.00- <2.00mm, metal's geochemical forms based on four-steps sequential extraction method, potential mobility, and solubility of metals at six different pH values namely 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were determined. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe and Al in AMD-impacted sediments of Mamut-Langganan River ranged 796-2610 μg/g, 95.7-256.1 μg/g, 4.04-13.6% and 3.85-5.76%, respectively and in Bambangan River ranged 73.5-1347 μg/g, 71.2-271.7 μg/g, 2.55-4.47% and 6.45-9.06%, respectively, and are relatively higher than the concentrations at non-AMD impacted sites (Ml and B1) with exception for Al in Mamut-Langganan River. The enrichment factor for Cu, Zn, Fe and Al ranged 20. 7-68.0, 1.29-3.45, 2.01-6. 76 and 0.47-0.71, respectively in Mamut-Langganan River, and 0.97-17.8, 1.02-3.89, 0.65- 1.15 and 0.89-1.25, respectively in Bambangan River. Only in Mamut-Langganan River and for the metals Cu and Zn in sediments at immediate downstream of AMD input points, are dominantly present in the coarser particles (0.125-< 0.25 mm & 0.25-< 0.50 mm) instead of finest particles ( < 0.063 mm). The proportion of metals, in particular Cu and Zn, associated with exchangeable and reducible forms in the sediment of both rivers are higher after inputs of AMD. The proportion of potentially mobile Cu and Zn in AMD impacted sediments ranged 80.4-91.7% and 75.0-89.8%, respectively in Mamut-Langganan River and 89.0-96.9%, 70.9-90.7%, respectively in Bambangan River, which is relatively higher than the proportion for non-AMD impacted sites. There is no apparent differences of the proportion of potentially mobile Fe and Al between non-AMD impacted and impacted sites in Mamut-Langganan River. However, the proportion of potentially mobile Fe and Al is relatively higher in AMD-impacted sediments of Bambangan River. Higher percentage of soluble Cu, Zn, Fe and Al in lower pH value. Regardless of pH value, in general, higher percentage of soluble Cu, Zn, Fe and Al in AMD impacted sediment compared with non-AMD impacted sediment in both rivers. Overall, inputs of AMD have a similar impact on the total concentration, distribution of metals according to particle size, distribution of metal according to geochemical form, and metal solubility according to pH for both Mamut-Langganan River and Bambangan River sediments. The impacts were more apparent for Cu and Zn, and at sites immediate downstream of the AMD input points and greater impact on Cu and Zn in sediments of Mamut-Langganan River compared to Bambangan River. |
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