Development of biosorbent film based on eggshell and orange peel for removal of heavy metal ions
In Malaysia, contamination of food with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) is common. Besides, the production of large amounts of food biowaste contributes to environmental pollution. The food biowaste materials can be used to produce biosorben...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41495/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41495/2/FULLTEXT.pdf |
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| Summary: | In Malaysia, contamination of food with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) is common. Besides, the production of large amounts of food biowaste contributes to environmental pollution. The food biowaste materials can be used to produce biosorbents, thereby biosorption becoming a more attractive method for removal of heavy metal ions. Herein, a film based on eggshelleggshell-orange peel powder powder-banana starch was develop developed for removal of heavy metal ions in foods. Optimizing the materials concentration was achieved through response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) which is the best alternatives to improve the production process of biosorbent film film. The physical properties of films include thickness, density, porosity, colour, water solubility, moisture content, water absorption, and water vapor permeability were chara cterised. The morphology properties of a film have been analysed using field field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy energy-dispersive X X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The chemical propert ies of the film were determined using Fourier Fourier-transform infrared (FT FT-IR) spectroscopy. The removal efficiency of the metal ions onto film at different contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and different metal ion concentrations were analysed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) where increasing of each of the factors would increases the metal ions removal removal. The effect of removing heavy metal ions in fish, cereal, and red brown rice samples extract were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP -MS). The incorporation of eggshell and orange peel has increased the thickness, density, and porosity, and decreased the water solubility, absorption and water vapor permeability of films. Film morphology was shown the rough s urface and transparent which contains of various functional groups such as alkane (C C-H), hydroxyl (O O-H), carbonyl (C=O), carbonate (CO CO32-), and carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups that has ability as biosorption materials. The film exhibited highest removal rat es for Cd (99.69%), Pb (72.05%), Cu (68.51%), Ni (31.11%) and Cr (19.78%) The study presented here suggests that these films could serve as both biosorbents and packaging materials in the food industry. Food quality can also be significantly improved by using such technologies. |
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