Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah

Lead (Pb) is a nephrotoxin in the environmental contaminant which impacts on human health. Main lead toxicity affects the nephrology system and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increase in trend globally. This study was conducted as the lead exposure via untreated water is accessible b...

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Main Author:	Nor Ain Mior Nizam
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	RC870-923 Diseases of the genitourinary system Urology
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41531/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41531/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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id	my-ums-ep.41531
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spelling	my-ums-ep.415312024-11-16T06:58:56Z Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah 2021 Nor Ain Mior Nizam RC870-923 Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology Lead (Pb) is a nephrotoxin in the environmental contaminant which impacts on human health. Main lead toxicity affects the nephrology system and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increase in trend globally. This study was conducted as the lead exposure via untreated water is accessible by Ranau communities and also there was no proven scientific study regarding blood lead level (BLL) related to renal disease, although BLL cases in Ranau were high. This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 until July 2020, to investigate the association between BLL and CKD among community in Ranau, Sabah. This study managed to involve 100 respondents which is 60 respondents as exposed whereas 40 respondents as comparative group. The group selection was based on the exposure of lead through water intake. The parameter BLL was used as an indicator of lead exposure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as an indicator of CKD. Blood samples taken were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) model Perkin Elmer to detect the lead level and serum creatinine was also used as biomarker for GFR values with the formula of CKD-EPI. Results have shown the mean of BLL was significantly higher in the exposed group (6.20 ± 2.89 μg/dL) compared to the comparative group (4.64 ± 2.18 μg/dL) at p=0.006. The prevalence of CKD in exposed group was higher (76.7%) compared to comparative group (35%). There was a significant association between BLL and CKD (r=0.36; p=0.01) even though at the low level of lead exposure. In conclusion, the community in Ranau whom exposed to lead via untreated drinking water were higher probability to have risk of getting CKD. Authorities were recommended to promote health program, educate the local community to increase awareness regarding lead toxicity towards health problem and continuously conduct the coverage of water treatment in Ranau area in the future. Hence, appropriate intervention can be implemented, and the prevalence of CKD can be reduced. 2021 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41531/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41531/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41531/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser Universiti Malaysia Sabah Faculty Of Medicine And Health Sciences
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	RC870-923 Diseases of the genitourinary system Urology
spellingShingle	RC870-923 Diseases of the genitourinary system Urology Nor Ain Mior Nizam Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah
description	Lead (Pb) is a nephrotoxin in the environmental contaminant which impacts on human health. Main lead toxicity affects the nephrology system and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increase in trend globally. This study was conducted as the lead exposure via untreated water is accessible by Ranau communities and also there was no proven scientific study regarding blood lead level (BLL) related to renal disease, although BLL cases in Ranau were high. This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 until July 2020, to investigate the association between BLL and CKD among community in Ranau, Sabah. This study managed to involve 100 respondents which is 60 respondents as exposed whereas 40 respondents as comparative group. The group selection was based on the exposure of lead through water intake. The parameter BLL was used as an indicator of lead exposure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as an indicator of CKD. Blood samples taken were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) model Perkin Elmer to detect the lead level and serum creatinine was also used as biomarker for GFR values with the formula of CKD-EPI. Results have shown the mean of BLL was significantly higher in the exposed group (6.20 ± 2.89 μg/dL) compared to the comparative group (4.64 ± 2.18 μg/dL) at p=0.006. The prevalence of CKD in exposed group was higher (76.7%) compared to comparative group (35%). There was a significant association between BLL and CKD (r=0.36; p=0.01) even though at the low level of lead exposure. In conclusion, the community in Ranau whom exposed to lead via untreated drinking water were higher probability to have risk of getting CKD. Authorities were recommended to promote health program, educate the local community to increase awareness regarding lead toxicity towards health problem and continuously conduct the coverage of water treatment in Ranau area in the future. Hence, appropriate intervention can be implemented, and the prevalence of CKD can be reduced.
format	Thesis
author	Nor Ain Mior Nizam
author_facet	Nor Ain Mior Nizam
author_sort	Nor Ain Mior Nizam
title	Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah
title_short	Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah
title_full	Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah
title_fullStr	Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah
title_full_unstemmed	Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah
title_sort	blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in ranau, sabah
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Faculty Of Medicine And Health Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41531/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41531/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1818611414139404288

Blood lead level and chronic kidney disease among community in Ranau, Sabah

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