Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology

Palm kernel cake (PKC) as one of the abundant high cellulose content oil palm by products. Hence, PKC is significantly considered as potential resources for cellulose production. Numerous treatments have been developed in efforts to extract cellulose from wood and non-wood sources. However, efficien...

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Main Author:	Farm, Yan Yan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2009
Subjects:	T1-995 Technology (General)
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41547/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41547/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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id	my-ums-ep.41547
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spelling	my-ums-ep.415472024-11-20T02:31:37Z Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology 2009 Farm, Yan Yan T1-995 Technology (General) Palm kernel cake (PKC) as one of the abundant high cellulose content oil palm by products. Hence, PKC is significantly considered as potential resources for cellulose production. Numerous treatments have been developed in efforts to extract cellulose from wood and non-wood sources. However, efficient separation of cellulose from non-wood sources still constitutes as one of the major obstacles to extensive utilization of cellulose in industry. The present research was undertaken to select the best cellulose extraction method for PKC and followed by optimization of the selected method. The extractions of PKC cellulose were compared with the established pretreatments (hydrothermal treatment and alkali treatment) and three different delignification techniques (Organolsolv, Liquid phase oxidation (LPO) and Acidic sodium chlorite). Both of the treated residues were verified by FTIR as cellulose, yet with some contamination. Hence, process selection was conducted to select the best cellulose extraction method. LPO with 77 minutes of alkali treatment was selected as the best cellulose extraction process. Next, it was followed by the optimization of the LPO. The optimized conditions are ratio of Hâ‚‚Oâ‚‚ to PKM at 10.30 (g/g), 149min of reaction time, reaction temperature at 65â�°C and 12.5mg of FeSOâ‚„ as catalyst for 24% of hemicellulose removed, 16% of yield cellulose based on the dry basis of PKC and 90.31% cellulose purity. Preidentification size of PKC cellulose using GPC was carried out. It was discovered that PKC cellulose is a -cellulose with an intermediate molecular weight. For the analysis of organic acids content, formic acid and acetic acid formed as the dominant acids in the solution. LPO with alkali treatment is not only a green and efficient cellulose extraction method, it also produce valuable by-products. Hence, extraction of cellulose from palm kernel cake using LPO with alkali treatment is a great potential for new industrial process. 2009 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41547/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41547/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41547/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser masters School of Engineering and Information Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	T1-995 Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T1-995 Technology (General) Farm, Yan Yan Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology
description	Palm kernel cake (PKC) as one of the abundant high cellulose content oil palm by products. Hence, PKC is significantly considered as potential resources for cellulose production. Numerous treatments have been developed in efforts to extract cellulose from wood and non-wood sources. However, efficient separation of cellulose from non-wood sources still constitutes as one of the major obstacles to extensive utilization of cellulose in industry. The present research was undertaken to select the best cellulose extraction method for PKC and followed by optimization of the selected method. The extractions of PKC cellulose were compared with the established pretreatments (hydrothermal treatment and alkali treatment) and three different delignification techniques (Organolsolv, Liquid phase oxidation (LPO) and Acidic sodium chlorite). Both of the treated residues were verified by FTIR as cellulose, yet with some contamination. Hence, process selection was conducted to select the best cellulose extraction method. LPO with 77 minutes of alkali treatment was selected as the best cellulose extraction process. Next, it was followed by the optimization of the LPO. The optimized conditions are ratio of Hâ‚‚Oâ‚‚ to PKM at 10.30 (g/g), 149min of reaction time, reaction temperature at 65â�°C and 12.5mg of FeSOâ‚„ as catalyst for 24% of hemicellulose removed, 16% of yield cellulose based on the dry basis of PKC and 90.31% cellulose purity. Preidentification size of PKC cellulose using GPC was carried out. It was discovered that PKC cellulose is a -cellulose with an intermediate molecular weight. For the analysis of organic acids content, formic acid and acetic acid formed as the dominant acids in the solution. LPO with alkali treatment is not only a green and efficient cellulose extraction method, it also produce valuable by-products. Hence, extraction of cellulose from palm kernel cake using LPO with alkali treatment is a great potential for new industrial process.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Farm, Yan Yan
author_facet	Farm, Yan Yan
author_sort	Farm, Yan Yan
title	Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology
title_short	Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology
title_full	Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology
title_fullStr	Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology
title_full_unstemmed	Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology
title_sort	process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology
granting_department	School of Engineering and Information Technology
publishDate	2009
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41547/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41547/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1818611415417618432

Process selection and optimization of cellulose extraction from palm kernel using response surface methodology

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