Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities

Phaleria macrocarpa is a herbal plant that originates from Indonesia and can be abundantly found in tropical areas. This plant had been reported with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer attributes. However, the larvicidal effect of this plant against mosquito larvae has not been widely inspec...

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Main Author:	Noorehan Rastaon
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	QK710-899 Plant physiology
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42097/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42097/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.420972024-12-16T04:04:38Z Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities 2018 Noorehan Rastaon QK710-899 Plant physiology Phaleria macrocarpa is a herbal plant that originates from Indonesia and can be abundantly found in tropical areas. This plant had been reported with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer attributes. However, the larvicidal effect of this plant against mosquito larvae has not been widely inspected. Over a long period of time, the use of synthetic larvicide to control vector mosquitoes has not been very effective, as it has aroused physiological resistance as well as adverse environmental effects. Therefore, in this study, the potentials of P. macrocarpa as mosquito larvicide against Ae. aegypti larvae and adult mosquito, and as antimicrobial agent against human pathogens were investigated. Larvicidal activity of various parts of P. macrocarpa methanol crude extracts were studied in the laboratory assay against third and fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti . Seed extract was showed to be more toxic against Ae. aegypti larvae that caused 100% mortality after 24 hours of treatment compared to fruit (20%), leaf (40%), and stalk (60%) extracts. The LC50 and LC90 values for seed methanol extract of P. macrocarpa were 182 mgml-1 and 302 mgml-1 respectively. P. macrocarpa seed methanol extract also demonstrated 100% mortality against adult Ae. aegypti at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 211 mgml-1. When tested against human pathogens, P. macrocarpa crude methanol extracts showed weak antimicrobial activity against Candida tropicalis and Bacillus cereus strains. The Kirby Bauer sensitivity test showed that all parts of P. macrocarpa extracts were ineffective against C. tropicalis with inhibition zones <10mm. Seed extract treatment exhibited the highest inhibition zone (8.75±0.4mm), followed by stalk (7.45±0.7mm), fruit (6.5±0mm), and leaf (6.45±0.1mm) extracts. Meanwhile, antibacterial activity of P. macrocarpa crude methanol extracts against B. cereus showed that stalk exhibited the highest inhibition zone (9.5±0.7mm), followed by seed (8.65±0.5mm), leaf (8.5±0.7mm), and fruit (7.35±0.2mm). The larvicidal and antimicrobial activities recorded indicated the presence of active compounds such as saponin and flavonoid in P. macrocarpa . Saponin content was highly found in the P. macrocarpa seed (66.93±1.56mg/g) compared to other parts which were stalk (42.75±1.02mg/g), fruit (27.4±2.86mg/g), and leaf (7.11±3.01mg/g). Meanwhile, P. macrocarpa fruit contained the highest amount of quercetin (19.66±1.27mg/g), followed by stalk (13.16±2.56mg/g), leaf (1.78±1.03mg/g) and seed (0.62±1.98mg/g) extracts. Therefore, this present results showed the high potential of P. macrocarpa seed to be included as an alternative control of vectorborne diseases. 2018 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42097/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42097/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42097/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sabah Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	QK710-899 Plant physiology
spellingShingle	QK710-899 Plant physiology Noorehan Rastaon Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
description	Phaleria macrocarpa is a herbal plant that originates from Indonesia and can be abundantly found in tropical areas. This plant had been reported with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer attributes. However, the larvicidal effect of this plant against mosquito larvae has not been widely inspected. Over a long period of time, the use of synthetic larvicide to control vector mosquitoes has not been very effective, as it has aroused physiological resistance as well as adverse environmental effects. Therefore, in this study, the potentials of P. macrocarpa as mosquito larvicide against Ae. aegypti larvae and adult mosquito, and as antimicrobial agent against human pathogens were investigated. Larvicidal activity of various parts of P. macrocarpa methanol crude extracts were studied in the laboratory assay against third and fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti . Seed extract was showed to be more toxic against Ae. aegypti larvae that caused 100% mortality after 24 hours of treatment compared to fruit (20%), leaf (40%), and stalk (60%) extracts. The LC50 and LC90 values for seed methanol extract of P. macrocarpa were 182 mgml-1 and 302 mgml-1 respectively. P. macrocarpa seed methanol extract also demonstrated 100% mortality against adult Ae. aegypti at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 211 mgml-1. When tested against human pathogens, P. macrocarpa crude methanol extracts showed weak antimicrobial activity against Candida tropicalis and Bacillus cereus strains. The Kirby Bauer sensitivity test showed that all parts of P. macrocarpa extracts were ineffective against C. tropicalis with inhibition zones <10mm. Seed extract treatment exhibited the highest inhibition zone (8.75±0.4mm), followed by stalk (7.45±0.7mm), fruit (6.5±0mm), and leaf (6.45±0.1mm) extracts. Meanwhile, antibacterial activity of P. macrocarpa crude methanol extracts against B. cereus showed that stalk exhibited the highest inhibition zone (9.5±0.7mm), followed by seed (8.65±0.5mm), leaf (8.5±0.7mm), and fruit (7.35±0.2mm). The larvicidal and antimicrobial activities recorded indicated the presence of active compounds such as saponin and flavonoid in P. macrocarpa . Saponin content was highly found in the P. macrocarpa seed (66.93±1.56mg/g) compared to other parts which were stalk (42.75±1.02mg/g), fruit (27.4±2.86mg/g), and leaf (7.11±3.01mg/g). Meanwhile, P. macrocarpa fruit contained the highest amount of quercetin (19.66±1.27mg/g), followed by stalk (13.16±2.56mg/g), leaf (1.78±1.03mg/g) and seed (0.62±1.98mg/g) extracts. Therefore, this present results showed the high potential of P. macrocarpa seed to be included as an alternative control of vectorborne diseases.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Noorehan Rastaon
author_facet	Noorehan Rastaon
author_sort	Noorehan Rastaon
title	Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
title_short	Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
title_full	Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
title_fullStr	Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
title_full_unstemmed	Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
title_sort	phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam
publishDate	2018
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42097/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42097/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1818611445787525120

Phytochemical analysis on various parts of phaleria mecrocarpa methanol extracts and their larvicidal and antimicrobial activities

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