Aerated static pile (ASP)-enhanced bioaugmentation of oil sludge contaminated soil by locally isolated beneficial microorganism (LIBeM) using different delivery techniques
Oil sludge has been classified by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as a hazardous organic complex. The use of selective oil degrading strains in remediating oil sludge has become a promising technique that could generate economy and it is a green technology to clean the envir...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42109/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42109/2/FULLTEXT.pdf |
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| Summary: | Oil sludge has been classified by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as a hazardous organic complex. The use of selective oil degrading strains in remediating oil sludge has become a promising technique that could generate economy and it is a green technology to clean the environment. The main aim of this study is to determine and compare the ability locally isolated beneficial microorganism (LIBeM) in single and consortia for bioaugmentation of oil sludge contaminated soil at various concentration levels. A laboratory scale experiment was conducted using Aerated Static Pile (ASP)-bioreactor system made up of acrylic materials as a treatment plot. The ASP unit system has two main components with three silicones tubing parallel for aeration connected to air pump (Model RESUN LP100 Low Noise Air Pump) to supply oxygen continuously to the soil treatment zone. Eleven sets of ASP-bioreactor system containing 10 kg of soil mixed with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (v/v) of oil sludge were prepared as (LIBeM-LIQ) soil treated with single strain; S1= C. tropicalis RETL-Cr1, S2 = C. violaceum MAB-Cr1, S3 = P. aeruginosa BAS-Cr1, S4 = S. paucimobilis ReTOS-Cr1, S5 = S. maltophilia RAS-Cr1 and Consortia (LIBeM-LIQ); soil treated with consortia ; C1 = ReTOS-Cr1+ BAS-Cr + RAS-Cr1, C2 = RETL-Cr1+ MAB-Cr1+RAS-Cr1, C3= RETL-Cr1+ RAS-Cr1+BAS-Cr1, C4= RETL-Cr1+ MAB-Cr1+BAS-Cr1, C5 = ReTOS-Cr1+ BAS-Cr + RAS-Cr1+ RETL-Cr1+MAB-Cr1 and NA = natural attenuation as control plot. The experiments were incubated for 84 days and the TPH reduction was observed along with physiochemical parameters such as pH, soil moisture content, temperature and microbial population (CFU/mL). The results showed that among the single (LIBeM-LIQ), treatment S3 inoculation with P. aeruginosa BAS-Cr1 at 20% (v/v) concentration of oil sludge recorded the highest TPH degradation with 89.3%. Meanwhile for microbial consortia, treatment C4 inoculation with C. tropicalis-RETL-Cr1+ C. violaceum-MAB-Cr1 + P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1 showed the best performance TPH degradation with 94% within 84 days incubation periods. On the contrary, natural attenuation does not show significance TPH reduction with only 27% efficiency. The optimum condition of TPH degradation in soil was observed at temperature of 300C, with soil pH at 7.0 and water holding capacity with 20%. The microbial population of 1x107 – 1x108 CFU/mL was observed along the treatment respectively. The biodegradation of oil sludge were improved with the new invention for best selected consortia LIBeM (C4= C. tropicalis-RETL-Cr1+ C. violaceum-MAB-Cr1 + P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1) with microbial formulation in powder form (LIBeM-POW) which is more stability and capsule form (LIBeM-CAP) which is more convenient method for long term preservation purpose. Bioaugmentation of LIBeM-POW at 20% v/v oil sludge show great improvement in TPH degradation with 92% within the short period recorded (56 days) as compared to LIBeM-CAP with 86%. This finding justified that LIBeM-POW was proven to be the most efficient delivery technique as compared to LIBeM-LIQ and LIBeM-CAP. The kinetic evaluation on biodegradation rate fitted the first order kinetics and proved that treatment augmented with consortia 4 at 10% (v/v) oil sludge represent high biodegradation rate with 0.0375 day-1 and shortest half-life times of 18.5 days. This finding is 8.5- fold higher and 76 days differences as compared to natural attenuation. The biodegradation kinetic confirmed that LIBeM-POW has higher biodegradation rate constant with 0.0435 day-1 and shortest biodegradation half-life times with 15.9 days which indicates 1.2-fold higher and 4 days differences as compared to LIBeM-CAP. The SEM image also confirmed the attachment of augmented cells in the soil and the images were observed overlap since the concentrated cells in powder form have been distributed surrounded the entire of soil surface. The excellent control of bioprocess parameters along with Technical Procedures Protocol (TPP) gives major advantages of bioreactor based bioremediation which effectively produce high percentage reduction of oil sludge in the soil. This study has resulting a novel invention of ASP- bioreactor system enhanced bioaugmentation of oil sludge contaminated soil by locally isolated beneficial microorganisms using different delivery techniques. Thus it has a great potential as an environmental friendly, cost effectiveness and sustainable treatment of oil sludge or other related organic compounds produced by oil and gas industries. |
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