Adsorption Of copper (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solution By NaOH-Modified oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre
The oil palm empty fruit bunch generated! from the Malaysian oil palm industry was adopted as heavy metals adsorbent in this study, owing to its abundance and low commercial value. The objectives of th ls research were (i) to characterise the physiochemical properties of empty fruit bunch fibre befo...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42282/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42282/2/FULLTEXT.pdf |
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| Summary: | The oil palm empty fruit bunch generated! from the Malaysian oil palm industry was adopted as heavy metals adsorbent in this study, owing to its abundance and low commercial value. The objectives of th ls research were (i) to characterise the physiochemical properties of empty fruit bunch fibre before and after modification (ii) investigate the influence of different experimental parameters such as initial pH, contact time, dosage, agitation rate, accompanying anions, temperature and Initial concentration (iii) to evaluate the adsorption isotherms (iv) thermodynamics and (v) kinetics studies. The natural empty fruit bunch fibre (nEFBF) was used directly while the modified empty fruit bunch fibre (mEFBF) were prepared at optimised conditions of 0.10 M NaOH for 12 h at room temperature. The physico-chemical properties of nEFBF and mEFBF were characterised by SEM, TGA, BET surface area and pore analysis, CHNS, pHzpc and FT-IR. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions by nEFBF and mEFBF from aqueous solution were conducted through batch equilibrium experiments, while the kinetics was conducted by constant stirring using glass beaker. The pHzpc of nEFBF was pH 4.55 and mEFBF was pH 6.45 where the adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions at pH 5 was favourable for nEFBF. The increased in BET surface area and total pore volume associated with the decreased in average pore diameter indicated the development of mesopores (68.18%) and micropores (9.09%) in mEFBF which also increased the surface area available for adsorption. The spectrum analysis also suggested the removal of hemicellulose and lignin content in mEFBF which aided in heavy metals removal. The optimised parameters In adsorption experiments were 0.20 g of nEFBF and mEFBF at 25- 27°C room temperature with solution pH 5 for 180 min at 150 rpm. The adsorption behaviour of nEFBF was best described by Freundlich model suggesting heterogeneous adsorption while mEFBF was representable by Langmulr model suggesting homogeneous adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of nEFBF were found to be 14.39 mg/g for Cu(II) ions and 11.12 mg/g for Pb(II) ions while mEFBF were 15.29 mg/g for Cu(II) and 20.79 mg/g for Pb(II) ions. The values of the Langmuir separation factor, RL and the adsorption constant n in the Freundlich isotherm both Indicated favourable adsorption of Cu(Il) and Pb(II) ions onto nEFBF and mEFBF. The kinetic studies showed that film diffusion is the rate determining step and diffusional when fitted with film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Besides, the adsorption processes were found to follow the pseudo-second order kinetic equation which indicated chemisorption behaviour. The thermodynamic parameters indicated the adsorption process by n EFBF and m EFBF were endothermic, spontaneous and physical In nature. This study could serve as a background information for the further research which adopts oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre as adsorbents. |
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