Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate

Fructose palmitate (sugar ester) is a relatively new class of nonionic surfactants. Their excellent biodegradability and low toxicity surfactant as well as effectiveness at extreme temperature, pH and salinity show their increasing importance in numerous areas of application. For a long time, lar...

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Main Author:	Azalina, Mohamed Nasir
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Fructose palmitate (sugar ester) Enzymatic esterification Palmitic acid
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/20816/1/p.%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/20816/2/Full%20Text.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-208162012-09-04T03:46:16Z Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate Azalina, Mohamed Nasir Fructose palmitate (sugar ester) is a relatively new class of nonionic surfactants. Their excellent biodegradability and low toxicity surfactant as well as effectiveness at extreme temperature, pH and salinity show their increasing importance in numerous areas of application. For a long time, large scale production of sugar ester was dominated by conventional chemical processing. However, the conventional chemical process leaves out bad impact to the human and environment. Compared to the enzymatic synthesis, this process offers a safer and easier alternative. In the present work, sugar ester production was developed by a novel and effective enzymatic method which can reduce the advantages of conventional chemical process. Direct unprotected sugar and non activated fatty acid were used as a starting material. Combination of supersaturated sugar solution under anhydrous condition and stepwise addition of molecular sieve as water absorbent agent during the reaction were found to be a suitable method in increasing the reaction rate and fatty acid conversion. In this method, influences of several parameters were investigated as a screening to the optimization process. Results from screening were used to optimize and analyze fructose palmitate (sugar ester) esterification using a response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The 98.58 ± 0.52% of optimum fatty acid conversion was determined by 11.92% (w/w of substrates) immobilized enzyme loading, 0.50M fatty acid concentration, 10.0h reaction time and 53.67oC of reaction temperature. The reusability of the immobilized enzyme was shown good conversion, were greater than 88% of fatty acid conversion after 10th reaction cycles without additional treatment of the immobilized enzyme. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2010 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/123456789/20816 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/20816/1/p.%201-24.pdf 9d0b823d19f33bbe883b00e9a65717d9 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/20816/2/Full%20Text.pdf bedcf5e9d09a1981b781ee2a9926e1e9 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/20816/3/license.txt 6782e4df692771b8a18c9ea807959b58 Fructose palmitate (sugar ester) Enzymatic esterification Palmitic acid School of Bioprocess Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Fructose palmitate (sugar ester) Enzymatic esterification Palmitic acid
spellingShingle	Fructose palmitate (sugar ester) Enzymatic esterification Palmitic acid Azalina, Mohamed Nasir Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate
description	Fructose palmitate (sugar ester) is a relatively new class of nonionic surfactants. Their excellent biodegradability and low toxicity surfactant as well as effectiveness at extreme temperature, pH and salinity show their increasing importance in numerous areas of application. For a long time, large scale production of sugar ester was dominated by conventional chemical processing. However, the conventional chemical process leaves out bad impact to the human and environment. Compared to the enzymatic synthesis, this process offers a safer and easier alternative. In the present work, sugar ester production was developed by a novel and effective enzymatic method which can reduce the advantages of conventional chemical process. Direct unprotected sugar and non activated fatty acid were used as a starting material. Combination of supersaturated sugar solution under anhydrous condition and stepwise addition of molecular sieve as water absorbent agent during the reaction were found to be a suitable method in increasing the reaction rate and fatty acid conversion. In this method, influences of several parameters were investigated as a screening to the optimization process. Results from screening were used to optimize and analyze fructose palmitate (sugar ester) esterification using a response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The 98.58 ± 0.52% of optimum fatty acid conversion was determined by 11.92% (w/w of substrates) immobilized enzyme loading, 0.50M fatty acid concentration, 10.0h reaction time and 53.67oC of reaction temperature. The reusability of the immobilized enzyme was shown good conversion, were greater than 88% of fatty acid conversion after 10th reaction cycles without additional treatment of the immobilized enzyme.
format	Thesis
author	Azalina, Mohamed Nasir
author_facet	Azalina, Mohamed Nasir
author_sort	Azalina, Mohamed Nasir
title	Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate
title_short	Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate
title_full	Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate
title_fullStr	Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate
title_sort	synthesis and optimization studies of fructose palmitate
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Bioprocess Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/20816/1/p.%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/20816/2/Full%20Text.pdf
_version_	1747836771077455872

Synthesis and optimization studies of Fructose palmitate

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