Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution

The objectives of this study were to produce carbon from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw by pyrolysis technique as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal and to determine the optimum condition with respect to contact time, pH of solution, adsorbent doses, particle sizes of adsorbent, initial metal...

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Main Author:	Nor Harlina, Haji Hassan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Sugarcane bagasse Rice straw Carbon Agricultural waste Heavy metal ions removal
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/22188/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/22188/2/Full%20Text.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-221882012-12-09T10:28:18Z Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution Nor Harlina, Haji Hassan Saiful Azhar Saad The objectives of this study were to produce carbon from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw by pyrolysis technique as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal and to determine the optimum condition with respect to contact time, pH of solution, adsorbent doses, particle sizes of adsorbent, initial metal concentration and temperature. Also adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic behavior of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) removal by each adsorbent will be determined. Sugarcane bagasse and rice straw are inexpensive and locally available agricultural waste. The raw materials were pyrolized at different temperatures ranging from 300 – 700 oC for 30 minutes with the average heating rate of 30 oC/minute. The adsorbents were characterized for the yield, density, pH, ash content, moisture content, surface area and porosity by using BET surface area and porosity analyzer, functional groups by using Fourier Transform Infrared, surface morphology by using Scanning Electron Microscope and element and chemical composition by using Energy Dispersive X-ray. Adsorptions were found to be effected by pyrolyzing temperature and surface area. The adsorbents that produced at 700 oC have been chosen for this adsorption study because it produced the highest percentage of removal.The maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) on RSC and SBC as 85.65% and 21.79 %, respectively and Cr(VI) on RSC and SBC as 61.81 % and 76.10 %, respectively. The operation parameters included contact time (15 – 210 minutes), pH of solution (1.0 – 10.0), temperature (25, 30, 45 and 55 oC), particle sizes of adsorbents (1.18 mm, 600 µm, 300 µm and 150 µm), adsorbents doses (0.04, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.6 and 1.0 g) and initial concentrations of adsorbates (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L). The experimental tests were conducted in batch process. The contact time, amount of adsorbent, temperature, particle size of adsorbent and initial concentration of the metal ions solutions affect the adsorption efficiency but most importantly depended on the pH of solution. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed by using Langmuir and Freundlich equation. The applicability of adsorption was described by using the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that Langmuir isotherm model fit well the data for nickel(II) and chromium(VI). The measured high linearity of correlation coefficient, R2 and the values dimensionless separation factor, RL indicated a favorable adsorption of both Ni(II) and Cr(VI) onto RSC and SBC, respectively. While, the adsorption kinetics, pseudo-first order model, pseudo second order model and intra particle diffusion model were analyzed on the experimental kinetics data. It was found that the pseudo second order kinetic model described the adsorption kinetic of both adsorbent well. The performance of both adsorbent in the removal of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) were also compared. It was found that the adsorption capacity of rice straw carbon on nickel(II) was high may be due to the present of surface oxygen groups, surface charge, high silica content and the properties of nickel. While, the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse carbon on chromium(VI) was high was caused by the high surface area of the adsorbent, surface charge and the properties of chromium. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2009 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my/123456789/22188 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/22188/1/Page%201-24.pdf be670991cb8995e7b65e1bf2ce93075f http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/22188/2/Full%20Text.pdf 28057b68ba709f2f60d9b0d42c2bba21 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/22188/3/license.txt c6bcd96ef1c7fd1440f7e31bf00fb521 Sugarcane bagasse Rice straw Carbon Agricultural waste Heavy metal ions removal School of Environmental Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Saiful Azhar Saad
topic	Sugarcane bagasse Rice straw Carbon Agricultural waste Heavy metal ions removal
spellingShingle	Sugarcane bagasse Rice straw Carbon Agricultural waste Heavy metal ions removal Nor Harlina, Haji Hassan Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution
description	The objectives of this study were to produce carbon from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw by pyrolysis technique as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal and to determine the optimum condition with respect to contact time, pH of solution, adsorbent doses, particle sizes of adsorbent, initial metal concentration and temperature. Also adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic behavior of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) removal by each adsorbent will be determined. Sugarcane bagasse and rice straw are inexpensive and locally available agricultural waste. The raw materials were pyrolized at different temperatures ranging from 300 – 700 oC for 30 minutes with the average heating rate of 30 oC/minute. The adsorbents were characterized for the yield, density, pH, ash content, moisture content, surface area and porosity by using BET surface area and porosity analyzer, functional groups by using Fourier Transform Infrared, surface morphology by using Scanning Electron Microscope and element and chemical composition by using Energy Dispersive X-ray. Adsorptions were found to be effected by pyrolyzing temperature and surface area. The adsorbents that produced at 700 oC have been chosen for this adsorption study because it produced the highest percentage of removal.The maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) on RSC and SBC as 85.65% and 21.79 %, respectively and Cr(VI) on RSC and SBC as 61.81 % and 76.10 %, respectively. The operation parameters included contact time (15 – 210 minutes), pH of solution (1.0 – 10.0), temperature (25, 30, 45 and 55 oC), particle sizes of adsorbents (1.18 mm, 600 µm, 300 µm and 150 µm), adsorbents doses (0.04, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.6 and 1.0 g) and initial concentrations of adsorbates (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L). The experimental tests were conducted in batch process. The contact time, amount of adsorbent, temperature, particle size of adsorbent and initial concentration of the metal ions solutions affect the adsorption efficiency but most importantly depended on the pH of solution. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed by using Langmuir and Freundlich equation. The applicability of adsorption was described by using the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that Langmuir isotherm model fit well the data for nickel(II) and chromium(VI). The measured high linearity of correlation coefficient, R2 and the values dimensionless separation factor, RL indicated a favorable adsorption of both Ni(II) and Cr(VI) onto RSC and SBC, respectively. While, the adsorption kinetics, pseudo-first order model, pseudo second order model and intra particle diffusion model were analyzed on the experimental kinetics data. It was found that the pseudo second order kinetic model described the adsorption kinetic of both adsorbent well. The performance of both adsorbent in the removal of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) were also compared. It was found that the adsorption capacity of rice straw carbon on nickel(II) was high may be due to the present of surface oxygen groups, surface charge, high silica content and the properties of nickel. While, the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse carbon on chromium(VI) was high was caused by the high surface area of the adsorbent, surface charge and the properties of chromium.
format	Thesis
author	Nor Harlina, Haji Hassan
author_facet	Nor Harlina, Haji Hassan
author_sort	Nor Harlina, Haji Hassan
title	Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution
title_short	Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution
title_full	Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution
title_fullStr	Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution
title_full_unstemmed	Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution
title_sort	carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Environmental Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/22188/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/22188/2/Full%20Text.pdf
_version_	1747836774351110144

Carbon from agricultural waste as an adsorbent in the removal of chromium and nickel ions from aqueous solution

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