Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites

The palm kernel shell (PKS) filled low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared by Z-blade mixer at temperature of 180 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The effects of PKS loading and different types of chemical modifications on the rheological and thermal properties of the composites wer...

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Main Author:	Lim, Bee Ying
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Thermal properties Composite materials Polyethylene composite
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31252/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31252/2/Full%20text.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-312522014-01-16T09:45:25Z Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites Lim, Bee Ying The palm kernel shell (PKS) filled low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared by Z-blade mixer at temperature of 180 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The effects of PKS loading and different types of chemical modifications on the rheological and thermal properties of the composites were studied. Chemical modification such as poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEAA), acrylic acid (AA), 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APE), coconut oil coupling agent (COCA) and ecodegradant were used in this study. The addition of PKS into LDPE matrix changed the rheological and thermal properties of the composites. The results showed that increasing PKS loading had decreased the melt flow index (MFI) values and non-Newtonian index but increased the melt consistency, viscosity and activation energy of the LDPE/PKS composites. The increasing temperature had increased the MFI values of composites. The viscosity of composites that was generated from capillary rheometer decreased with rise of temperature. The apparent shear stress of the composites increased with apparent shear rate and PKS loading. The composites with addition of PEAA, AA, COCA and eco-degradant showed higher MFI values but the composites treated with 3-APE exhibited lower MFI values than untreated composites. The activation energy for the composites with PEAA and 3-APE decreased, whereas the activation energy for the composites with AA, COCA and eco-degradant increased as compared to composites without chemical modifications. The composites with eco-degradant gave lowest viscosity, thus eased the composite processing at high filler loading. The thermal properties of composites showed that addition of PKS had decreased the onset temperature and the total weight loss of composites. The chemical modifications had increased the thermal stability of composites, whereas higher onset temperature and lower total weight loss at high temperature were observed. The FTIR spectra of composites showed that the functional groups of the composites changed with chemical modification. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2013 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/dspace/handle/123456789/31252 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31252/1/Page%201-24.pdf d9c4b916b9343e4c3e1abd2e884e6f75 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31252/2/Full%20text.pdf 30b1dd10db60c172cae620e02ae4337f http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31252/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Thermal properties Composite materials Polyethylene composite School of Materials Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Thermal properties Composite materials Polyethylene composite
spellingShingle	Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Thermal properties Composite materials Polyethylene composite Lim, Bee Ying Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites
description	The palm kernel shell (PKS) filled low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared by Z-blade mixer at temperature of 180 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The effects of PKS loading and different types of chemical modifications on the rheological and thermal properties of the composites were studied. Chemical modification such as poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEAA), acrylic acid (AA), 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APE), coconut oil coupling agent (COCA) and ecodegradant were used in this study. The addition of PKS into LDPE matrix changed the rheological and thermal properties of the composites. The results showed that increasing PKS loading had decreased the melt flow index (MFI) values and non-Newtonian index but increased the melt consistency, viscosity and activation energy of the LDPE/PKS composites. The increasing temperature had increased the MFI values of composites. The viscosity of composites that was generated from capillary rheometer decreased with rise of temperature. The apparent shear stress of the composites increased with apparent shear rate and PKS loading. The composites with addition of PEAA, AA, COCA and eco-degradant showed higher MFI values but the composites treated with 3-APE exhibited lower MFI values than untreated composites. The activation energy for the composites with PEAA and 3-APE decreased, whereas the activation energy for the composites with AA, COCA and eco-degradant increased as compared to composites without chemical modifications. The composites with eco-degradant gave lowest viscosity, thus eased the composite processing at high filler loading. The thermal properties of composites showed that addition of PKS had decreased the onset temperature and the total weight loss of composites. The chemical modifications had increased the thermal stability of composites, whereas higher onset temperature and lower total weight loss at high temperature were observed. The FTIR spectra of composites showed that the functional groups of the composites changed with chemical modification.
format	Thesis
author	Lim, Bee Ying
author_facet	Lim, Bee Ying
author_sort	Lim, Bee Ying
title	Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites
title_short	Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites
title_full	Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites
title_fullStr	Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites
title_full_unstemmed	Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites
title_sort	rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Materials Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31252/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31252/2/Full%20text.pdf
_version_	1747836786978062336

Rheological and thermal properties of palm kernel shell filled low density polyethylene composites

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