Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples

The capability to screen for leukemia based on bone marrow samples could facilitate the doctors in confirming the occurrence of leukemia from blood test. However, the images of the bone marrow slide have several drawbacks such as the appearance of unwanted regions and lack of contrast. The acquired...

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Main Author:	Elsie, Usun Francis
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Screening system Leukemia Screening System Acute Disease Leukemia > Diagnosis Bone marrow slide
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31256/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31256/2/Full%20text.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-312562014-01-16T12:36:02Z Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples Elsie, Usun Francis The capability to screen for leukemia based on bone marrow samples could facilitate the doctors in confirming the occurrence of leukemia from blood test. However, the images of the bone marrow slide have several drawbacks such as the appearance of unwanted regions and lack of contrast. The acquired images of the bone marrow slide could be better improved if these drawbacks are reduced. Due to these matters, a digital image processing system with classification capability is built up in this research which aims to reduce the drawbacks arise from manual screening of bone marrow slide. In this research, two enhancement techniques were used to improve the appearance of the acquired bone marrow slide images. These techniques include partial contrast stretching (PCS) and dark contrast stretching (DCS). Although both techniques produced good results, DCS has been chosen to be utilized in this research due to several reliable reasons. The elimination of unwanted regions leaving only the white blood cells (WBCs) in the bone marrow slide images is initiated by using the saturation component of the HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color space. Some noises (unwanted small particles) that still appeared were removed with median filter. Simultaneously, median filter fills „holes‟ (white color pixel) which are enclosed within the WBCs. Subsequently, seed-based region growing (SBRG) algorithm is used to remove unwanted regions based on predefined criteria and at the same time extract the area of WBCs in the bone marrow slide images. SBRG technique is capable to maintain the original size and shape of the WBCs in the image. Unlike in blood, the cells present in bone marrow are packed and often overlapped with each other. The watershed algorithm is used to separate the overlapped white blood cells in the bone marrow slide images. Besides area, several other geometrical features were also extracted from the WBCs include circularity, radius and perimeter. Other color features include mean, standard deviation and variance were also extracted for red, green and blue color respectively. These features were used as input data to the MLP network (standard and hierarchical MLP) and k-NN to be classified as Normal, Abnormal type M3 and Other Abnormal bone marrow slide images. Levenberg Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularization (BR) training algorithms were used to train the MLP networks. Standard MLP, network (1A)-BR has managed to achieve the highest accuracy, which is 93.9% on testing dataset in classification of bone marrow slide images into Normal, Abnormal (M3) and Other Abnormal, outperformed MLP network (1A)-LM and k-NN classifier (2A). Hierarchical classifier, MLP network (1B) and (1C) has managed to achieve an average accuracy of 99.8% on training and 98.57% in testing outperformed the k-NN (2B) and (2C). In general, MLP networks have outperformed the KNN classifiers in the classification tasks of the bone marrow slide images. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2012 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/dspace/handle/123456789/31256 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31256/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31256/1/Page%201-24.pdf 8ee0154824a9673a66b94f58b48063e9 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31256/2/Full%20text.pdf bfc34a92fe04891913cafad200d25610 Screening system Leukemia Screening System Acute Disease Leukemia --Diagnosis Bone marrow slide School of Mechatronic Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Screening system Leukemia Screening System Acute Disease Leukemia --Diagnosis Bone marrow slide
spellingShingle	Screening system Leukemia Screening System Acute Disease Leukemia --Diagnosis Bone marrow slide Elsie, Usun Francis Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples
description	The capability to screen for leukemia based on bone marrow samples could facilitate the doctors in confirming the occurrence of leukemia from blood test. However, the images of the bone marrow slide have several drawbacks such as the appearance of unwanted regions and lack of contrast. The acquired images of the bone marrow slide could be better improved if these drawbacks are reduced. Due to these matters, a digital image processing system with classification capability is built up in this research which aims to reduce the drawbacks arise from manual screening of bone marrow slide. In this research, two enhancement techniques were used to improve the appearance of the acquired bone marrow slide images. These techniques include partial contrast stretching (PCS) and dark contrast stretching (DCS). Although both techniques produced good results, DCS has been chosen to be utilized in this research due to several reliable reasons. The elimination of unwanted regions leaving only the white blood cells (WBCs) in the bone marrow slide images is initiated by using the saturation component of the HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color space. Some noises (unwanted small particles) that still appeared were removed with median filter. Simultaneously, median filter fills „holes‟ (white color pixel) which are enclosed within the WBCs. Subsequently, seed-based region growing (SBRG) algorithm is used to remove unwanted regions based on predefined criteria and at the same time extract the area of WBCs in the bone marrow slide images. SBRG technique is capable to maintain the original size and shape of the WBCs in the image. Unlike in blood, the cells present in bone marrow are packed and often overlapped with each other. The watershed algorithm is used to separate the overlapped white blood cells in the bone marrow slide images. Besides area, several other geometrical features were also extracted from the WBCs include circularity, radius and perimeter. Other color features include mean, standard deviation and variance were also extracted for red, green and blue color respectively. These features were used as input data to the MLP network (standard and hierarchical MLP) and k-NN to be classified as Normal, Abnormal type M3 and Other Abnormal bone marrow slide images. Levenberg Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularization (BR) training algorithms were used to train the MLP networks. Standard MLP, network (1A)-BR has managed to achieve the highest accuracy, which is 93.9% on testing dataset in classification of bone marrow slide images into Normal, Abnormal (M3) and Other Abnormal, outperformed MLP network (1A)-LM and k-NN classifier (2A). Hierarchical classifier, MLP network (1B) and (1C) has managed to achieve an average accuracy of 99.8% on training and 98.57% in testing outperformed the k-NN (2B) and (2C). In general, MLP networks have outperformed the KNN classifiers in the classification tasks of the bone marrow slide images.
format	Thesis
author	Elsie, Usun Francis
author_facet	Elsie, Usun Francis
author_sort	Elsie, Usun Francis
title	Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples
title_short	Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples
title_full	Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples
title_fullStr	Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples
title_full_unstemmed	Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples
title_sort	design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Mechatronic Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31256/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31256/2/Full%20text.pdf
_version_	1747836787468795904

Design of a screening system for acute leukemia cells based on bone marrow samples

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