Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia
The advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been fuelled mainly by the advancement in miniaturization of electronic devices and the rise of high volume manufacturing that has been the key supporting factor for the advancement economically. Recent food crises happening over various parts of t...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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| Online Access: | http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/1/P.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/2/Full%20Text.pdf |
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| Summary: | The advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been fuelled mainly by the
advancement in miniaturization of electronic devices and the rise of high volume
manufacturing that has been the key supporting factor for the advancement
economically. Recent food crises happening over various parts of the world triggered the
consciousness over food security and food production capability. For the modern food
production to be successful, a thorough understanding and awareness of temporal and
spatial crops behaviour is super critical. Thus the use of sensor and wireless sensor
networks and proper deployment planning to support modern precision farming is the
key to optimum coverage establishment in the farmland. This thesis was written based
on the following objectives; assessment energy consumption in WSN nodes as a
function of data transmission interval and transmission power level setting; configure a
system for short to mid-range link measurement for the study in agricultural
environment. The thesis also evaluates existing signal path loss models, identifies or
develops new path loss models for WSN system in agricultural environment.
Additionally, the thesis also design and model a wide area WSN in agricultural
environment. To meet the objectives, propagation path loss measurements were
conducted in multiple types of agricultural environments which cover assessment in
mixed crop plantation, aquaculture ponds, green houses and mono crop plantations. Path
loss models were evaluated and or developed and results were used in WSN simulation.
Concurrently, WSN nodes energy consumption assessment was carried out and results
used in the WSN simulation. Output from these study and measurements are energy
consumption assessment in WSN nodes, path loss models and results from WSN
simulation in agricultural environment. Measurement results acquired from the studies
show that Log-distance model is the best fit model for measurement in mixed crop
plantation while 2-ray model is sufficient to describe the propagation in aquaculture
environment. Signal variation in aquaculture is influenced by changes in temperature,
humidity and thus refractive index of the medium. Studies in mango greenhouse shows
that signal fluctuation varies with vegetation density and Non Zero Gradient model can
describe the overall signal propagation while Modified Exponential Decay is more
appropriate for lower antenna height. Non Zero Gradient model with specific parameters
can be used to describe overhead trellis type grape in greenhouse. For mono-crop
plantation, Non Zero Gradient is suitable to describe ISM (Industrial, Scientific and
Medical) band frequencies while Modified Exponential Decay is more suitable for
frequency 800 MHz to 4.2 GHz in rubber plantation. Modified Exponential Decay is
best describe the propagation at branch level while Non Zero Gradient at canopy level.
For palm plantation, Modified Exponential Decay best describe signal propagation at
trunk while Maximum Attenuation is at canopy level. A deployment model simulation
was done at the end of the thesis illustrating the potential coverage based on power
consumption in various signal behavior in mixed crop plantation. |
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