Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia

The advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been fuelled mainly by the advancement in miniaturization of electronic devices and the rise of high volume manufacturing that has been the key supporting factor for the advancement economically. Recent food crises happening over various parts of t...

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Main Author:	Azizi, Harun
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Agriculture uses Sensor Wireless sensor Energy consumption Data transmission
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/1/P.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/2/Full%20Text.pdf
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id	my-unimap-42963
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimap-429632016-09-21T07:24:21Z Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia Azizi, Harun Prof. Dr. Ali Yeon Md Shakaff The advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been fuelled mainly by the advancement in miniaturization of electronic devices and the rise of high volume manufacturing that has been the key supporting factor for the advancement economically. Recent food crises happening over various parts of the world triggered the consciousness over food security and food production capability. For the modern food production to be successful, a thorough understanding and awareness of temporal and spatial crops behaviour is super critical. Thus the use of sensor and wireless sensor networks and proper deployment planning to support modern precision farming is the key to optimum coverage establishment in the farmland. This thesis was written based on the following objectives; assessment energy consumption in WSN nodes as a function of data transmission interval and transmission power level setting; configure a system for short to mid-range link measurement for the study in agricultural environment. The thesis also evaluates existing signal path loss models, identifies or develops new path loss models for WSN system in agricultural environment. Additionally, the thesis also design and model a wide area WSN in agricultural environment. To meet the objectives, propagation path loss measurements were conducted in multiple types of agricultural environments which cover assessment in mixed crop plantation, aquaculture ponds, green houses and mono crop plantations. Path loss models were evaluated and or developed and results were used in WSN simulation. Concurrently, WSN nodes energy consumption assessment was carried out and results used in the WSN simulation. Output from these study and measurements are energy consumption assessment in WSN nodes, path loss models and results from WSN simulation in agricultural environment. Measurement results acquired from the studies show that Log-distance model is the best fit model for measurement in mixed crop plantation while 2-ray model is sufficient to describe the propagation in aquaculture environment. Signal variation in aquaculture is influenced by changes in temperature, humidity and thus refractive index of the medium. Studies in mango greenhouse shows that signal fluctuation varies with vegetation density and Non Zero Gradient model can describe the overall signal propagation while Modified Exponential Decay is more appropriate for lower antenna height. Non Zero Gradient model with specific parameters can be used to describe overhead trellis type grape in greenhouse. For mono-crop plantation, Non Zero Gradient is suitable to describe ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band frequencies while Modified Exponential Decay is more suitable for frequency 800 MHz to 4.2 GHz in rubber plantation. Modified Exponential Decay is best describe the propagation at branch level while Non Zero Gradient at canopy level. For palm plantation, Modified Exponential Decay best describe signal propagation at trunk while Maximum Attenuation is at canopy level. A deployment model simulation was done at the end of the thesis illustrating the potential coverage based on power consumption in various signal behavior in mixed crop plantation. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2014 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/42963 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/1/P.1-24.pdf 2f569b9f4d7413b503d1125935e0e790 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/2/Full%20Text.pdf 966d5b49c3712d86820b7cba12ededda Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Agriculture uses Sensor Wireless sensor Energy consumption Data transmission School of Mechatronic Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Prof. Dr. Ali Yeon Md Shakaff
topic	Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Agriculture uses Sensor Wireless sensor Energy consumption Data transmission
spellingShingle	Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Agriculture uses Sensor Wireless sensor Energy consumption Data transmission Azizi, Harun Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia
description	The advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been fuelled mainly by the advancement in miniaturization of electronic devices and the rise of high volume manufacturing that has been the key supporting factor for the advancement economically. Recent food crises happening over various parts of the world triggered the consciousness over food security and food production capability. For the modern food production to be successful, a thorough understanding and awareness of temporal and spatial crops behaviour is super critical. Thus the use of sensor and wireless sensor networks and proper deployment planning to support modern precision farming is the key to optimum coverage establishment in the farmland. This thesis was written based on the following objectives; assessment energy consumption in WSN nodes as a function of data transmission interval and transmission power level setting; configure a system for short to mid-range link measurement for the study in agricultural environment. The thesis also evaluates existing signal path loss models, identifies or develops new path loss models for WSN system in agricultural environment. Additionally, the thesis also design and model a wide area WSN in agricultural environment. To meet the objectives, propagation path loss measurements were conducted in multiple types of agricultural environments which cover assessment in mixed crop plantation, aquaculture ponds, green houses and mono crop plantations. Path loss models were evaluated and or developed and results were used in WSN simulation. Concurrently, WSN nodes energy consumption assessment was carried out and results used in the WSN simulation. Output from these study and measurements are energy consumption assessment in WSN nodes, path loss models and results from WSN simulation in agricultural environment. Measurement results acquired from the studies show that Log-distance model is the best fit model for measurement in mixed crop plantation while 2-ray model is sufficient to describe the propagation in aquaculture environment. Signal variation in aquaculture is influenced by changes in temperature, humidity and thus refractive index of the medium. Studies in mango greenhouse shows that signal fluctuation varies with vegetation density and Non Zero Gradient model can describe the overall signal propagation while Modified Exponential Decay is more appropriate for lower antenna height. Non Zero Gradient model with specific parameters can be used to describe overhead trellis type grape in greenhouse. For mono-crop plantation, Non Zero Gradient is suitable to describe ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band frequencies while Modified Exponential Decay is more suitable for frequency 800 MHz to 4.2 GHz in rubber plantation. Modified Exponential Decay is best describe the propagation at branch level while Non Zero Gradient at canopy level. For palm plantation, Modified Exponential Decay best describe signal propagation at trunk while Maximum Attenuation is at canopy level. A deployment model simulation was done at the end of the thesis illustrating the potential coverage based on power consumption in various signal behavior in mixed crop plantation.
format	Thesis
author	Azizi, Harun
author_facet	Azizi, Harun
author_sort	Azizi, Harun
title	Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia
title_short	Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia
title_full	Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia
title_fullStr	Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia
title_sort	deployment of wireless sensor network (wsn) in agricultural environment in northen malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Mechatronic Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/1/P.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/42963/2/Full%20Text.pdf
_version_	1747836818228772864

Deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) in agricultural environment in northen Malaysia

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