Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)

Pomacea canaliculata is regarded as one of the most destructive molluscs as it causes severe damage to paddy fields. This mollusc is commonly combated by using chemical molluscicide like metaldehyde, which is known as toxic chemicals, therefore causes negative impact to the farmers and the environm...

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Main Author:	Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Pomacea canaliculata Molluscicide Paddy fields Environmental-friendly Pomacea
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/2/Full%20text.pdf
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id	my-unimap-61513
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimap-615132023-04-04T02:12:52Z Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas) Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh Assoc. Prof Dr Dachyar Arbain Pomacea canaliculata is regarded as one of the most destructive molluscs as it causes severe damage to paddy fields. This mollusc is commonly combated by using chemical molluscicide like metaldehyde, which is known as toxic chemicals, therefore causes negative impact to the farmers and the environment. Hence, there is a great demand for a user and environmental-friendly molluscicide to reduce P. canaliculata population. The present study investigates the applicability of protease and urea as an alternative molluscicide for combating both flesh and eggs of P. canaliculata. Studies on the effect of each agent on snail eggs cover chemical and physical analyses; namely unhatchability, cuticle protein profile, water loss, conductivity, gas exchange and morphological changes. For snail flesh, it covers biological, chemical and physical studies, namely, mortality, respiration, food intake, responsiveness, movement, protein, ammonia and peroxidase level of the flesh. The studies were extended by producing cell free extract protease (CFE protease) using locally available raw material like cassava, and subsequently applied as a biomolluscicide. Likewise, studies regarding urea were also extended by using coated urea with rice husk ash and starch before subsequently applied to the paddy demonstration plot. For the flesh of P. canaliculata studies, it was found that the mortality were 31% and 90% after exposure to 3.9U/mL CFE protease and 0.02M urea respectively for 20hrs. It was also observed that the respiration rate increased proportionally with the increase of urea concentration. Additionally, the exposure to CFE protease and urea also reduced the snail appetite, responsiveness and movement as compared to the control snail. Extension of the work using coated urea for paddy plot studies saved 93% of paddy from snail attack. As for the P. canaliculata eggs studies, 71%, 52% and 35% hatchability have been suppressed after treating to 0.75U/mL commercial protease, 0.19U/mL CFE protease and 0.02M urea respectively. Besides that, the rate of conductivity, water loss and respiration increased proportionally with the increase of either commercial protease activity or urea concentration. The findings from these studies show the applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for both the flesh and eggs of P. canaliculata. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2015 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/61513 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/1/Page%201-24.pdf 561eed074c342207df45eb4681754827 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/2/Full%20text.pdf 4cc3ba27908c772782922a63d4f315eb http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Pomacea canaliculata Molluscicide Paddy fields Environmental-friendly Pomacea School of Bioprocess Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Assoc. Prof Dr Dachyar Arbain
topic	Pomacea canaliculata Molluscicide Paddy fields Environmental-friendly Pomacea
spellingShingle	Pomacea canaliculata Molluscicide Paddy fields Environmental-friendly Pomacea Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)
description	Pomacea canaliculata is regarded as one of the most destructive molluscs as it causes severe damage to paddy fields. This mollusc is commonly combated by using chemical molluscicide like metaldehyde, which is known as toxic chemicals, therefore causes negative impact to the farmers and the environment. Hence, there is a great demand for a user and environmental-friendly molluscicide to reduce P. canaliculata population. The present study investigates the applicability of protease and urea as an alternative molluscicide for combating both flesh and eggs of P. canaliculata. Studies on the effect of each agent on snail eggs cover chemical and physical analyses; namely unhatchability, cuticle protein profile, water loss, conductivity, gas exchange and morphological changes. For snail flesh, it covers biological, chemical and physical studies, namely, mortality, respiration, food intake, responsiveness, movement, protein, ammonia and peroxidase level of the flesh. The studies were extended by producing cell free extract protease (CFE protease) using locally available raw material like cassava, and subsequently applied as a biomolluscicide. Likewise, studies regarding urea were also extended by using coated urea with rice husk ash and starch before subsequently applied to the paddy demonstration plot. For the flesh of P. canaliculata studies, it was found that the mortality were 31% and 90% after exposure to 3.9U/mL CFE protease and 0.02M urea respectively for 20hrs. It was also observed that the respiration rate increased proportionally with the increase of urea concentration. Additionally, the exposure to CFE protease and urea also reduced the snail appetite, responsiveness and movement as compared to the control snail. Extension of the work using coated urea for paddy plot studies saved 93% of paddy from snail attack. As for the P. canaliculata eggs studies, 71%, 52% and 35% hatchability have been suppressed after treating to 0.75U/mL commercial protease, 0.19U/mL CFE protease and 0.02M urea respectively. Besides that, the rate of conductivity, water loss and respiration increased proportionally with the increase of either commercial protease activity or urea concentration. The findings from these studies show the applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for both the flesh and eggs of P. canaliculata.
format	Thesis
author	Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh
author_facet	Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh
author_sort	Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh
title	Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)
title_short	Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)
title_full	Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)
title_fullStr	Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)
title_full_unstemmed	Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)
title_sort	applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for pomacea canaliculata (siput gondang emas)
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Bioprocess Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/2/Full%20text.pdf
_version_	1776104220365160448

Applicability of protease and urea as a molluscicide for Pomacea canaliculata (Siput Gondang Emas)

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