Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave

This study reports the effects of microwave energy, water content, and blowing agent concentration to the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of aqueous epoxy foam based on polyamide-epoxy adduct. Samples of microwave energy were prepared at 160 to 320 watts of different microwave energy...

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Main Author:	Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Aqueous epoxy Epoxy foam Epoxy resins Epoxy resin
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/2/Full%20text.pdf
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id	my-unimap-61876
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimap-618762019-09-14T03:25:29Z Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie Dr. Du Ngoc Uy Lan This study reports the effects of microwave energy, water content, and blowing agent concentration to the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of aqueous epoxy foam based on polyamide-epoxy adduct. Samples of microwave energy were prepared at 160 to 320 watts of different microwave energy level and the samples of variation water content were formulated by using 25 to 200 phr of water content. Furthermore, the samples for variation of blowing agent concentration were produced using 0 to 4 phr of ammonium carbonate as blowing agent. Water was added as a green solvent and played as the void template. Mixing process of all ingredients was carried out based on their determined recipes by using an IKA overhead stirrer at speed 300 to 1200 rpm. Foaming and curing process were implemented using microwave oven. The foam samples were undergone 4 h post-cure at 70°C oven temperature. Morphology using Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that higher microwave energy and higher blowing agent concentration were better foaming and exist more cell interconnection. Increase of water content more than 100 phr, the aqueous mixture was changed from W/O system (water in epoxy resin) to W/O/W system (water in epoxy resin in water). This affects lower expansion and increase the gel time of sample W100 and W200. The foam characteristic and properties was found to be well reflecting the foams morphology. Theoretically, higher porosity caused lower compression stress but slight improved the thermal resistance at degradation temperature below 450oC due to lower heat transfer within the foam specimens. Compression set at room temperature exhibited an excellent recovery of 100%, which reduced to 95 – 68 % depending on foams formula if compressed at 70oC oven temperature. The study proves that the aqueous process is green, safe and no volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Besides of that, uses low concentration of blowing agent to produce epoxy foams with good performances. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2014 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/61876 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/1/Page%201-24.pdf 5f894049a862ce853e63dd66c5fbbab7 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/2/Full%20text.pdf 69b89dcf0eef3dfb3ea9394ce4357269 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Aqueous epoxy Epoxy foam Epoxy resins Epoxy resin School of Materials Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Dr. Du Ngoc Uy Lan
topic	Aqueous epoxy Epoxy foam Epoxy resins Epoxy resin
spellingShingle	Aqueous epoxy Epoxy foam Epoxy resins Epoxy resin Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave
description	This study reports the effects of microwave energy, water content, and blowing agent concentration to the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of aqueous epoxy foam based on polyamide-epoxy adduct. Samples of microwave energy were prepared at 160 to 320 watts of different microwave energy level and the samples of variation water content were formulated by using 25 to 200 phr of water content. Furthermore, the samples for variation of blowing agent concentration were produced using 0 to 4 phr of ammonium carbonate as blowing agent. Water was added as a green solvent and played as the void template. Mixing process of all ingredients was carried out based on their determined recipes by using an IKA overhead stirrer at speed 300 to 1200 rpm. Foaming and curing process were implemented using microwave oven. The foam samples were undergone 4 h post-cure at 70°C oven temperature. Morphology using Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that higher microwave energy and higher blowing agent concentration were better foaming and exist more cell interconnection. Increase of water content more than 100 phr, the aqueous mixture was changed from W/O system (water in epoxy resin) to W/O/W system (water in epoxy resin in water). This affects lower expansion and increase the gel time of sample W100 and W200. The foam characteristic and properties was found to be well reflecting the foams morphology. Theoretically, higher porosity caused lower compression stress but slight improved the thermal resistance at degradation temperature below 450oC due to lower heat transfer within the foam specimens. Compression set at room temperature exhibited an excellent recovery of 100%, which reduced to 95 – 68 % depending on foams formula if compressed at 70oC oven temperature. The study proves that the aqueous process is green, safe and no volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Besides of that, uses low concentration of blowing agent to produce epoxy foams with good performances.
format	Thesis
author	Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie
author_facet	Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie
author_sort	Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie
title	Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave
title_short	Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave
title_full	Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave
title_fullStr	Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave
title_full_unstemmed	Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave
title_sort	foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Materials Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/2/Full%20text.pdf
_version_	1747836849530863616

Foaming and curing an aqueous epoxy foam using microwave

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