Chemical modification of palm kernel shell filled polylactic acid biocomposite flims
In this research the effect of untreated and treated palm kernel shell (PKS) on the mechanical properties, morphological analysis and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/PKS biocomposite films were studied. The biocomposite films from palm kernel shell powder and polylactic acid were prepar...
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| Format: | Thesis |
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| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/72457/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/72457/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/72457/4/Mohd%20Akmal.pdf |
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| Summary: | In this research the effect of untreated and treated palm kernel shell (PKS) on the mechanical properties, morphological analysis and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/PKS biocomposite films were studied. The biocomposite films from palm kernel
shell powder and polylactic acid were prepared from solution casting method where the PLA was dissolved in the chloroform and was stirred at 600 rpm, then the solution were
casted inside the petri dish. The result showed that the increased in PKS content had
decreased the tensile strength, elongation at break but had increased the modulus of
elasticity. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallinity (Xc) were the highest at
10 php filler content. The decomposition temperature at maximum (Tdmax) was raised
with increased in PKS content The thermal stability was improved at high filler content
because of lower total weight loss at 600 oC. SEM analysis showed that poor interfacial
interaction between hydrophillic PKS and hydrophobic PLA matrix. The different types
of chemical modification using butyl methacrylate (BMA), lactic acid (LA) and 3-
mercaptopropyl-trimethoxy silane (3-MPS) were investigated in this study. The treated
biocomposite films with BMA, LA and 3-MPS exhibited high tensile strength and
modulus of elasticity, however, the elongation at break lowered compared to untreated
biocomposite films. The chemical modification also enhanced the Tg and Xc of the
treated biocomposite films. The FTIR analysis showed the chemical modification of
PKS had reduced the hydroxyl group of PKS. Better interfacial adhesion and interaction
between PKS and PLA matrix were proven by SEM study. Amongs all the chemical
modification that been used, the chemical modification using BMA shows the highest
properties incomparison with the used of LA and 3-MPS as chemical modification. |
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