Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn
Heavy usage of commercial fungicide in the agricultural sector has resulted in environmental pollution that has imposed a significant risk to human health. The current research intended to explore the use of plant extracts (botanical) as alternative to synthetic fungicide. Ethanolic extracts of C...
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my-unimap-778962023-04-04T02:04:11Z Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn Muhammad Syarhabil, Ahmad, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Heavy usage of commercial fungicide in the agricultural sector has resulted in environmental pollution that has imposed a significant risk to human health. The current research intended to explore the use of plant extracts (botanical) as alternative to synthetic fungicide. Ethanolic extracts of Cerbera odollam from leaf, flower, fruit, seed, wood and bark were tested for antifungal properties. Antifungal bioassay was performed through dilution method at various concentrations (500 ppm to 3000 ppm) against fungi: Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicilium citrinum and assessed based on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Plant toxicity was tested by Brine Shrimp Test (BST) at different concentrations (5 to 1280 ppm). Phytochemical tests were done using standard procedures to identify the phytochemical compounds involved in the antifungal activity and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) was performed to determine possible antifungal compounds existed in all extracts. The results of the research showed that the inhibition zone for the tested fungi generally exhibited antifungal activity from different parts. Among the treatments, leaf extracts had recorded significant antifungal effects (P ≤ 0.05) against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum at all concentrations (500 to 3000 ppm) with 3000 ppm showing the best inhibition zone. However, there was no significant difference when extracts were tested against Penicilium citrinum. For the MIC study, the lowest dosage recorded for leaf and bark was 250 ppm against Aspergillus niger, while seed, fruit flower and wood showed the effect at 500 ppm; Penicilium citrinum and Fusarium oxysporum recorded MIC value at 500 ppm from all treatments. In toxicology test, the safe value is an amount over 20 ppm while 2 ppm and below is considered unsafe or toxic for human being. Wood (5619.97 ppm), fruit (2116.66 ppm), bark (1745.04 ppm) and flower (64.47 ppm) extracts showed safe levels while leaf (8.31 ppm) and seed (3.62 ppm) were slightly toxic and should be used with caution. LCMS study of Cerbera odollam’s flower and fruit crude extracts were first reported in the research. Antifungal compounds detected were neriifolin, hydroxybenzoic acid, cerberinic acid, salicylic acid and terephtalic acid. Neriifolin and hydroxybenzoic acid were identified for the first time from fruit, flower and wood extracts and cerberinic acid, salicylic acid and terephtalic acid from bark extracts. The results of current study indicated that Cerbera odollam leaf extracts has a potential of being a biofungicide. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/77896 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/1/Page%201-24.pdf 1abcd7035509d514fa7b38a97e92040d http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/2/Full%20text.pdf 94fd319829985bd8ffe4173053174dc9 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/4/Chu%20Sue%20Yin.pdf 4ec8b2fff488e01fb87151edeb309d38 Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Antifungal agents Phytochemicals Cerbera Crops -- Postharvest losses -- Prevention School of Bioprocess Engineering |
| institution |
Universiti Malaysia Perlis |
| collection |
UniMAP Institutional Repository |
| language |
English |
| advisor |
Muhammad Syarhabil, Ahmad, Assoc. Prof. Dr. |
| topic |
Antifungal agents Phytochemicals Cerbera Crops -- Postharvest losses -- Prevention |
| spellingShingle |
Antifungal agents Phytochemicals Cerbera Crops -- Postharvest losses -- Prevention Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn |
| description |
Heavy usage of commercial fungicide in the agricultural sector has resulted in
environmental pollution that has imposed a significant risk to human health. The current
research intended to explore the use of plant extracts (botanical) as alternative to
synthetic fungicide. Ethanolic extracts of Cerbera odollam from leaf, flower, fruit, seed,
wood and bark were tested for antifungal properties. Antifungal bioassay was
performed through dilution method at various concentrations (500 ppm to 3000 ppm)
against fungi: Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicilium citrinum and
assessed based on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Plant toxicity was
tested by Brine Shrimp Test (BST) at different concentrations (5 to 1280 ppm).
Phytochemical tests were done using standard procedures to identify the phytochemical
compounds involved in the antifungal activity and Liquid Chromatography Mass
Spectrometry (LCMS) was performed to determine possible antifungal compounds
existed in all extracts. The results of the research showed that the inhibition zone for the
tested fungi generally exhibited antifungal activity from different parts. Among the
treatments, leaf extracts had recorded significant antifungal effects (P ≤ 0.05) against
Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum at all concentrations (500 to 3000 ppm)
with 3000 ppm showing the best inhibition zone. However, there was no significant
difference when extracts were tested against Penicilium citrinum. For the MIC study,
the lowest dosage recorded for leaf and bark was 250 ppm against Aspergillus niger,
while seed, fruit flower and wood showed the effect at 500 ppm; Penicilium citrinum
and Fusarium oxysporum recorded MIC value at 500 ppm from all treatments. In
toxicology test, the safe value is an amount over 20 ppm while 2 ppm and below is
considered unsafe or toxic for human being. Wood (5619.97 ppm), fruit (2116.66 ppm),
bark (1745.04 ppm) and flower (64.47 ppm) extracts showed safe levels while leaf (8.31
ppm) and seed (3.62 ppm) were slightly toxic and should be used with caution. LCMS
study of Cerbera odollam’s flower and fruit crude extracts were first reported in the
research. Antifungal compounds detected were neriifolin, hydroxybenzoic acid,
cerberinic acid, salicylic acid and terephtalic acid. Neriifolin and hydroxybenzoic acid
were identified for the first time from fruit, flower and wood extracts and cerberinic
acid, salicylic acid and terephtalic acid from bark extracts. The results of current study
indicated that Cerbera odollam leaf extracts has a potential of being a biofungicide. |
| format |
Thesis |
| title |
Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn |
| title_short |
Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn |
| title_full |
Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn |
| title_sort |
evaluation of antifungal and phytochemical activity from different parts of cerbera odollam gaertn |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) |
| granting_department |
School of Bioprocess Engineering |
| url |
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/77896/4/Chu%20Sue%20Yin.pdf |
| _version_ |
1776104251904229376 |