The study of chemical modifications on the properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) / kapok husk (KH) biocomposite films for agriculture applications
In this research, the utilization of kapok husk (KH) as a filler in soy protein isolate (SPI) was studied to replace the plastic and petroleum based polymer films for packaging. The effect of KH loading, crosslinking agents such as phthalic anhydride (PA), adipic acid (AA) and formaldehyde (FA), and...
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| Format: | Thesis |
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| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78009/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78009/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/78009/4/Ramyah%20Kalai.pdf |
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| Summary: | In this research, the utilization of kapok husk (KH) as a filler in soy protein isolate (SPI) was studied to replace the plastic and petroleum based polymer films for packaging. The effect of KH loading, crosslinking agents such as phthalic anhydride (PA), adipic acid (AA) and formaldehyde (FA), and chemical modification of KH with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on tensile properties, morphology, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), moisture content, total soluble matter, gel fraction and enzymatic biodegradation properties of SPI/KH biocomposite films was studied. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer to give flexibility to the biocomposite films. The experimental results showed that the increases of KH loading have increased the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and gel fraction of control SPI/KH biocomposite films, whereas the elongation at break, char residue, moisture content, total soluble matter and weight loss of enzymatic biodegradation decreased. The morphology of tensile fracture surface of control SPI/KH biocomposite films at higher
KH loading showed better interaction between KH filler and SPI matrix. The addition of
different crosslinking agents such as PA, AA and FA had increased the tensile strength
and modulus of elasticity of crosslinked biocomposite films. The gel fraction of all
crosslinked biocomposites films higher than uncrosslinked biocomposite films. However,
crosslinked biocomposites exhibited decrement in elongation at break except AA, char
residue, moisture content, total soluble matter, and weight loss of enzymatic
biodegradation than uncrosslinked biocomposite films. The SEM studies of crosslinked
SPI/KH biocomposite films with PA, AA and FA indicated the rough surface, due to the
enhanced crosslinking. The FTIR spectra of all crosslinked biocomposite films illustrated
the changes in functional group. The treated KH with EA, MMA, and SDS biocomposite
films have higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity in comparison with untreated
SPI/KH biocomposite films. Nevertheless the elongation at break, char residue from
TGA, moisture content, total soluble matter and weight loss of enzymatic biodegradation
reduced. All treated SPI/KH biocomposite films performed slight changes in gel fraction
as KH loading increased. The treated KH with EA, MMA and SDS had enhanced the
interfacial bonding between KH and SPI matrix in biocomposite films, which were
proved by SEM analysis. It can be summarized that incorporation of KH in SPI film has
the ability to improve the properties of SPI/KH biocomposite films. However in
comparison, SPI/KH biocomposite films treated with EA could give the highest
improvement in all characterization. |
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