Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala

(This study was conducted to determine the effects of soaking duration in 100°C water and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) on seed germination, the nutritive value and mimosine content, and the genetic variation of the EMS-induced Neolamarckia cadamba and Leucaena leucocephala seedlings by using ISSR m...

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Main Author:	Mohamed Zaky Abdel-Latif, Zayed Sadawe
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13777/1/Mohamed%20Zaky.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13777/4/Mohamed%20Zaky%20full.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.13777
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Mohamed Zaky Abdel-Latif, Zayed Sadawe Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala
description	(This study was conducted to determine the effects of soaking duration in 100°C water and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) on seed germination, the nutritive value and mimosine content, and the genetic variation of the EMS-induced Neolamarckia cadamba and Leucaena leucocephala seedlings by using ISSR markers. The phytochemical constituents ofN. cadamba leaf extracts were aJ 0 investigaied. The effects of soaking duration in 100°C water on seed gennination were determined for N. cadamba and L. leucocephala by using the following treatments: (I) untreated (control); (2) soaking in 100°C water for 20 seconds followed 48 hours, respectively at room temperature; Results showed that soaking in 100°C water for 20 econds and subsequently in water at room temperature for 48 hours had the highest seed germination rate, higher cumulative gennination (CGP) and shortened the period of complete donnancy (CDP) over soaking duration of 24 hours or untreated seeds before planting. For EMSinduced mutation study, 120 seeds for each treatment of N. cadamba and L. leucocephala and three different concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6%) of EMS were used to treat the N. cadamba and L. leucocephala seeds in detennining the seed gennination percentage, lethality, seedling height, survival percentage, mimosine content, nutritive value and genetic variation of the mutagenized N. cadamba and L. leucocephala seedlings after 7 months of planting. The results showed that the germination percentage, survivability and seedling height were decreased; whereas lethality increased with increasing mutagenic doses. The mimosine content, crude protein and crude fiber decreased with increasing mutagenic doses for L. leucocephala. However, the mimosine content was not significantly affected by the concentration of EMS for N. cadamba. The mimosine content was highest in the control of L. leucocephala (1.6%) and lowest in N. cadamba (0.03%). Crude protein content was 23.48% and 20.90% for L. leucaena and N. cadamba, respectively. L. leucocephala was lower in nitrogen free extract, crude fiber and ash compared to N. cadamba. Results from this study indicate that N. cadamba has high forage quality and comparable to the traditional L. leLicocephala as forage for ruminants. Mimosine content was reduced from 1.6% to 0.2% or 87.46% reductions and therefore new L. leucocephala clone with reduced mimosine content and high crude protein (18.69%) was successfully produced. To identify the phytochemical constituents of N. cadamba leaf extracts using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Solvents with increasing polarities viz. hexane, petroleum ether, chlorofonn, ethyl acetate and methanol were used in this study. The solvent extracts were analyzed using GC-MS and the mass spectra of the compounds found in the respective extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. A total of 26 compounds were identified and the major chemical constituents were n-hexadecanoic acid '(44.88%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (1 7.96%) and octadecanoic acid ethyl ester (11.71%). Some of the identified compounds have been reported to possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anesthetic, antiseptic, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic and etc. The results thus concluded that N. cadamba leaves possess various potent bioactive compounds and is recommended as a plant of phytophannaceutical importance. For the determination of genetic variation among the N. cadamba and L. leucocephala seedlings, 0.6% EMS treated samples exhibited the highest level of variability in comparison to 0.1 % EMS treated samples as revealed by using ISSR markers. This indicates that 0.6% EMS treatment is much more beneficial as compared to other EMS treatments. Further, EMS has been successfully used to produce a range of novel traits and broaden the genetic diversity of N. cadamba and L. leucocephala as observed in the present study.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohamed Zaky Abdel-Latif, Zayed Sadawe
author_facet	Mohamed Zaky Abdel-Latif, Zayed Sadawe
author_sort	Mohamed Zaky Abdel-Latif, Zayed Sadawe
title	Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala
title_short	Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala
title_full	Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala
title_fullStr	Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala
title_full_unstemmed	Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala
title_sort	phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2015
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13777/1/Mohamed%20Zaky.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13777/4/Mohamed%20Zaky%20full.pdf
_version_	1783728142710472704
spelling	my-unimas-ir.137772023-03-28T06:15:07Z Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala 2015 Mohamed Zaky Abdel-Latif, Zayed Sadawe QD Chemistry (This study was conducted to determine the effects of soaking duration in 100°C water and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) on seed germination, the nutritive value and mimosine content, and the genetic variation of the EMS-induced Neolamarckia cadamba and Leucaena leucocephala seedlings by using ISSR markers. The phytochemical constituents ofN. cadamba leaf extracts were aJ 0 investigaied. The effects of soaking duration in 100°C water on seed gennination were determined for N. cadamba and L. leucocephala by using the following treatments: (I) untreated (control); (2) soaking in 100°C water for 20 seconds followed 48 hours, respectively at room temperature; Results showed that soaking in 100°C water for 20 econds and subsequently in water at room temperature for 48 hours had the highest seed germination rate, higher cumulative gennination (CGP) and shortened the period of complete donnancy (CDP) over soaking duration of 24 hours or untreated seeds before planting. For EMSinduced mutation study, 120 seeds for each treatment of N. cadamba and L. leucocephala and three different concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6%) of EMS were used to treat the N. cadamba and L. leucocephala seeds in detennining the seed gennination percentage, lethality, seedling height, survival percentage, mimosine content, nutritive value and genetic variation of the mutagenized N. cadamba and L. leucocephala seedlings after 7 months of planting. The results showed that the germination percentage, survivability and seedling height were decreased; whereas lethality increased with increasing mutagenic doses. The mimosine content, crude protein and crude fiber decreased with increasing mutagenic doses for L. leucocephala. However, the mimosine content was not significantly affected by the concentration of EMS for N. cadamba. The mimosine content was highest in the control of L. leucocephala (1.6%) and lowest in N. cadamba (0.03%). Crude protein content was 23.48% and 20.90% for L. leucaena and N. cadamba, respectively. L. leucocephala was lower in nitrogen free extract, crude fiber and ash compared to N. cadamba. Results from this study indicate that N. cadamba has high forage quality and comparable to the traditional L. leLicocephala as forage for ruminants. Mimosine content was reduced from 1.6% to 0.2% or 87.46% reductions and therefore new L. leucocephala clone with reduced mimosine content and high crude protein (18.69%) was successfully produced. To identify the phytochemical constituents of N. cadamba leaf extracts using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Solvents with increasing polarities viz. hexane, petroleum ether, chlorofonn, ethyl acetate and methanol were used in this study. The solvent extracts were analyzed using GC-MS and the mass spectra of the compounds found in the respective extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. A total of 26 compounds were identified and the major chemical constituents were n-hexadecanoic acid '(44.88%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (1 7.96%) and octadecanoic acid ethyl ester (11.71%). Some of the identified compounds have been reported to possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anesthetic, antiseptic, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic and etc. The results thus concluded that N. cadamba leaves possess various potent bioactive compounds and is recommended as a plant of phytophannaceutical importance. For the determination of genetic variation among the N. cadamba and L. leucocephala seedlings, 0.6% EMS treated samples exhibited the highest level of variability in comparison to 0.1 % EMS treated samples as revealed by using ISSR markers. This indicates that 0.6% EMS treatment is much more beneficial as compared to other EMS treatments. Further, EMS has been successfully used to produce a range of novel traits and broaden the genetic diversity of N. cadamba and L. leucocephala as observed in the present study. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS) 2015 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13777/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13777/1/Mohamed%20Zaky.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/13777/4/Mohamed%20Zaky%20full.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Resource Science and Technology

Phytochemical and mutagenesis studies of neolamarckia cadamba and leucaena leucocephala

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