Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak

The main objectives of this study are to establish the current levels of aluminum in public drinking water in Sarawak, to determine the sources of aluminum contaminants and to assess water treatment processes that influence the introduction of aluminum in the drinking water. The research method u...

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Main Author:	Ng, Tze Nyan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2004
Subjects:	GE Environmental Sciences
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/14827/1/Ng%20Tze%20Nyan%20ft.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.14827
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimas-ir.148272023-06-19T07:45:34Z Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak 2004 Ng, Tze Nyan GE Environmental Sciences The main objectives of this study are to establish the current levels of aluminum in public drinking water in Sarawak, to determine the sources of aluminum contaminants and to assess water treatment processes that influence the introduction of aluminum in the drinking water. The research method used in this study includes the assessment of the historic water qualities analytical reports available for the last five years (1999-2003) for all drinking water treatment plants in Sarawak relating to aluminum level in particular. Primary data were collected in the field at the selected 7 water treatment plants in order to validate the secondary data. In addition, observations and field investigation were also carried out during the field trip. To obtain additional information, interview survey by using open-ended questionnaires for the staff of the 22 water treatment plants in state were also carried out. The selection of the 7 water treatment plants were done based on the high aluminum violation rates. The sites for the interview survey were done by means of block sampling method whereby 2 water treatment plants were selected from each Division. The mean aluminum level was found to range from 0.53 mg/l to 1.48 mg/l for the past 5 years (1999-2003) in Sarawak, which were 2.65 to 7.4 times higher than the Malaysia Standard and WHO recommended standard of 0.2 mg/l of aluminum level in drinking water. It was also discovered during this study that the high aluminum level was due to the inefficient treatment processes as the aluminum level increased markedly immediately after the addition of Aluminum sulphates in stage 2 of the treatment process. This was proven by ANOVA that there was a significant difference among all the stages of water treatment processes for aluminum (p 0.03). Further Post Hoc Test (LSD) discovered that the raw water (stage I) aluminum level was significantly lower than other stages of treatment processes (a 0.05). It was also discovered through multiple correlations that the level of aluminum is a function of pH, total dissolved solids, turbidity and total suspended solids based on the primary data collected from the field. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS) 2004 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/14827/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/14827/1/Ng%20Tze%20Nyan%20ft.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty Of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	GE Environmental Sciences
spellingShingle	GE Environmental Sciences Ng, Tze Nyan Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak
description	The main objectives of this study are to establish the current levels of aluminum in public drinking water in Sarawak, to determine the sources of aluminum contaminants and to assess water treatment processes that influence the introduction of aluminum in the drinking water. The research method used in this study includes the assessment of the historic water qualities analytical reports available for the last five years (1999-2003) for all drinking water treatment plants in Sarawak relating to aluminum level in particular. Primary data were collected in the field at the selected 7 water treatment plants in order to validate the secondary data. In addition, observations and field investigation were also carried out during the field trip. To obtain additional information, interview survey by using open-ended questionnaires for the staff of the 22 water treatment plants in state were also carried out. The selection of the 7 water treatment plants were done based on the high aluminum violation rates. The sites for the interview survey were done by means of block sampling method whereby 2 water treatment plants were selected from each Division. The mean aluminum level was found to range from 0.53 mg/l to 1.48 mg/l for the past 5 years (1999-2003) in Sarawak, which were 2.65 to 7.4 times higher than the Malaysia Standard and WHO recommended standard of 0.2 mg/l of aluminum level in drinking water. It was also discovered during this study that the high aluminum level was due to the inefficient treatment processes as the aluminum level increased markedly immediately after the addition of Aluminum sulphates in stage 2 of the treatment process. This was proven by ANOVA that there was a significant difference among all the stages of water treatment processes for aluminum (p 0.03). Further Post Hoc Test (LSD) discovered that the raw water (stage I) aluminum level was significantly lower than other stages of treatment processes (a 0.05). It was also discovered through multiple correlations that the level of aluminum is a function of pH, total dissolved solids, turbidity and total suspended solids based on the primary data collected from the field.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ng, Tze Nyan
author_facet	Ng, Tze Nyan
author_sort	Ng, Tze Nyan
title	Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak
title_short	Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak
title_full	Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak
title_fullStr	Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak
title_sort	assessment of aluminium contaminant in public water supply in sarawak
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty Of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2004
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/14827/1/Ng%20Tze%20Nyan%20ft.pdf
_version_	1783728166673580032

Assessment of Aluminium contaminant in public water supply in Sarawak

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