Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak

Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) or known as Pakma locally, is one of the world’s most iconic species. In Sarawak, R. tuan-mudae is restricted to Western Sarawak and Central Sarawak (Belaga). Taxonomy, molecular phylogeny and genetic analyses of R. tuan-mudae were studied, as well as compl...

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Main Author:	Wan Nuur Fatiha, binti Wan Zakaria
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Q Science (General) QK Botany SD Forestry
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/25920/2/Fatiha%28fulltext%29.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.25920
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Q Science (General) QK Botany SD Forestry
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) QK Botany SD Forestry Wan Nuur Fatiha, binti Wan Zakaria Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak
description	Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) or known as Pakma locally, is one of the world’s most iconic species. In Sarawak, R. tuan-mudae is restricted to Western Sarawak and Central Sarawak (Belaga). Taxonomy, molecular phylogeny and genetic analyses of R. tuan-mudae were studied, as well as complete taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. Six study sites were identified for R. tuan-mudae. Examination based on 181 individuals of R. tuan-mudae showed that species exhibited morphological plasticity, which could be ways of surviving in different environmental conditions. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) region was used to investigate genetic diversity, and genetic structure of 36 individuals of R. tuan-mudae collected across the sampled populations. A total of 12 polymorphic sites were obtained, resulting in 5 haplotypes. Overall haplotype and nucleotide diversity generated were h = 0.3063 ± 0.098 and π = 0.00066 ± 0.00029, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that all variation was within populations, and no genetic structure observed among the populations. No significant effect of isolation by distance was detected from Mantel tests. High gene flow was recorded that lead to an indication that R. tuan-mudae populations were panmictic. Substantial morphological variations exhibited in R. tuan-mudae did not correspond to their geographic location. Phylogenetic analyses of R. tuan-mudae populations also revealed that R. tuan-mudae is monophyletic. A total of 11 Tetrastigma species is recorded in Sarawak, and a key is provided in this study. Tetrastigma rafflesiae and T. diepenhorstii are the host plants for R. tuan-mudae. Three DNA regions (one from nuclear genome and two from chloroplast genome) were used to test the monophyly of Tetrastigma species in Borneo and to investigate how well the treatment for Tetrastigma subgenera reflects natural groupings of species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 51 generated DNA sequences showed that Tetrastigma in Borneo is monophyletic and recognised two well-supported clades within subgenera Tetrastigma, which corresponded to section Tetrastigma and section Carinata. Tetrastigma diepenhorstii, the host plant of R. tuan-mudae formed a monophyletic group, indicating some degree of host-specificity and preferences. A comparison phylogeny between Rafflesia and Tetrastigma showed that Bornean Rafflesia would have broad potential host ranges, depending on their local population. In conclusion, DNA sequences could be used for DNA baseline data for future management and conservation of R. tuan-mudae and its host plant, Tetrastigma.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Wan Nuur Fatiha, binti Wan Zakaria
author_facet	Wan Nuur Fatiha, binti Wan Zakaria
author_sort	Wan Nuur Fatiha, binti Wan Zakaria
title	Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak
title_short	Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak
title_full	Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak
title_fullStr	Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak
title_full_unstemmed	Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak
title_sort	taxonomy and molecular studies of rafflesia tuan-mudae becc. (rafflesiaceae) and tetrastigma (miq.) planch. (vitaceae) in sarawak
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2019
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/25920/2/Fatiha%28fulltext%29.pdf
_version_	1783728304452272128
spelling	my-unimas-ir.259202023-05-17T08:34:07Z Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak 2019-07-08 Wan Nuur Fatiha, binti Wan Zakaria Q Science (General) QK Botany SD Forestry Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) or known as Pakma locally, is one of the world’s most iconic species. In Sarawak, R. tuan-mudae is restricted to Western Sarawak and Central Sarawak (Belaga). Taxonomy, molecular phylogeny and genetic analyses of R. tuan-mudae were studied, as well as complete taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. Six study sites were identified for R. tuan-mudae. Examination based on 181 individuals of R. tuan-mudae showed that species exhibited morphological plasticity, which could be ways of surviving in different environmental conditions. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) region was used to investigate genetic diversity, and genetic structure of 36 individuals of R. tuan-mudae collected across the sampled populations. A total of 12 polymorphic sites were obtained, resulting in 5 haplotypes. Overall haplotype and nucleotide diversity generated were h = 0.3063 ± 0.098 and π = 0.00066 ± 0.00029, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that all variation was within populations, and no genetic structure observed among the populations. No significant effect of isolation by distance was detected from Mantel tests. High gene flow was recorded that lead to an indication that R. tuan-mudae populations were panmictic. Substantial morphological variations exhibited in R. tuan-mudae did not correspond to their geographic location. Phylogenetic analyses of R. tuan-mudae populations also revealed that R. tuan-mudae is monophyletic. A total of 11 Tetrastigma species is recorded in Sarawak, and a key is provided in this study. Tetrastigma rafflesiae and T. diepenhorstii are the host plants for R. tuan-mudae. Three DNA regions (one from nuclear genome and two from chloroplast genome) were used to test the monophyly of Tetrastigma species in Borneo and to investigate how well the treatment for Tetrastigma subgenera reflects natural groupings of species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 51 generated DNA sequences showed that Tetrastigma in Borneo is monophyletic and recognised two well-supported clades within subgenera Tetrastigma, which corresponded to section Tetrastigma and section Carinata. Tetrastigma diepenhorstii, the host plant of R. tuan-mudae formed a monophyletic group, indicating some degree of host-specificity and preferences. A comparison phylogeny between Rafflesia and Tetrastigma showed that Bornean Rafflesia would have broad potential host ranges, depending on their local population. 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Taxonomy and Molecular Studies of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) and Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) in Sarawak

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