Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries

There is always a question of sustainability of budget for both developed and developing countries. This study considered the case of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries and tested the sustainability of budget of each country over the period of 2000Q1 to 2018Q4. From the...

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Main Author:	Siti Khadijah, Inhadel
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	HB Economic Theory
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/35829/1/Siti%20Khadijah%20ft.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.35829
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimas-ir.358292024-02-19T07:08:29Z Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries 2021-08-18 Siti Khadijah, Inhadel HB Economic Theory There is always a question of sustainability of budget for both developed and developing countries. This study considered the case of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries and tested the sustainability of budget of each country over the period of 2000Q1 to 2018Q4. From the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation, it showed that the entire model for each BRICS country is sustainable in the long run, which indicated sustainable budget. Brazil’s empirical finding denoted that both government expenditure (LGEXPEN) and real gross domestic product (LRGDP) impacts government revenue (LGREV) positively and significantly in the long run equilibrium. Additionally, empirical finding in Russia signified that LGEXPEN and LRGDP impacts LGREV positively and significantly in the long run equilibrium. In the case of India and China, the finding also signified that LGEXPEN and LRGDP impacted LGREV positively and significantly in the long run equilibrium. However, South Africa’s empirical findings suggested that only LGEXPEN influenced LGREV positively and significantly. On the other hand, LRGDP influenced LGREV negatively and insignificantly in the long run equilibrium. Besides that, ARDL bound test result indicated that Brazil and South Africa do not have a long-run relationship between variables. Meanwhile, Russia, India and China ARDL bound test showed that government revenue, government expenditure and real GDP have a long-run relationship. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) 2021-08 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/35829/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/35829/1/Siti%20Khadijah%20ft.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Faculty of Economics and Business
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	HB Economic Theory
spellingShingle	HB Economic Theory Siti Khadijah, Inhadel Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries
description	There is always a question of sustainability of budget for both developed and developing countries. This study considered the case of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries and tested the sustainability of budget of each country over the period of 2000Q1 to 2018Q4. From the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation, it showed that the entire model for each BRICS country is sustainable in the long run, which indicated sustainable budget. Brazil’s empirical finding denoted that both government expenditure (LGEXPEN) and real gross domestic product (LRGDP) impacts government revenue (LGREV) positively and significantly in the long run equilibrium. Additionally, empirical finding in Russia signified that LGEXPEN and LRGDP impacts LGREV positively and significantly in the long run equilibrium. In the case of India and China, the finding also signified that LGEXPEN and LRGDP impacted LGREV positively and significantly in the long run equilibrium. However, South Africa’s empirical findings suggested that only LGEXPEN influenced LGREV positively and significantly. On the other hand, LRGDP influenced LGREV negatively and insignificantly in the long run equilibrium. Besides that, ARDL bound test result indicated that Brazil and South Africa do not have a long-run relationship between variables. Meanwhile, Russia, India and China ARDL bound test showed that government revenue, government expenditure and real GDP have a long-run relationship.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Siti Khadijah, Inhadel
author_facet	Siti Khadijah, Inhadel
author_sort	Siti Khadijah, Inhadel
title	Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries
title_short	Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries
title_full	Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries
title_fullStr	Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries
title_sort	testing budget sustainability in brazil, russia, india, china and south africa (brics) countries
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Economics and Business
publishDate	2021
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/35829/1/Siti%20Khadijah%20ft.pdf
_version_	1794023026411438080

Testing Budget Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Countries

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