Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions

Economic integration and ICT have emerged as significant contributors to economic growth. Although economic integration and ICT have been increasing over the last few years, economic growth has curbed behavior in the EU and ASEAN regions. The curbed economic growth signifies exploring the impact of...

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Main Author:	Muhammad Bilal, Ahsin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	HB Economic Theory
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/40281/4/Bilal.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.40281
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.402812024-07-15T08:01:14Z Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions 2022-10-14 Muhammad Bilal, Ahsin HB Economic Theory Economic integration and ICT have emerged as significant contributors to economic growth. Although economic integration and ICT have been increasing over the last few years, economic growth has curbed behavior in the EU and ASEAN regions. The curbed economic growth signifies exploring the impact of economic integration and ICT in both regions. So, in light of endogenous growth theory and new trade theory, this study investigates the impact of economic integration and ICT on economic growth for EU and ASEAN regions. Additionally, the existence of the digital divide in the EU and ASEAN regions has been a prime concern for governing bodies of the EU and ASEAN. To address the digital divide issue, this study explores the role of ICT for economic integration and growth nexus concerning ICT usage and readiness. Further, this study identifies precise threshold levels considering ICT readiness and usage for both regions. The study used dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and dynamic panel threshold regression techniques to avoid endogeneity. The results confirmed the dynamic impact of economic growth in both EU and ASEAN regions. The results revealed that the impact of economic integration is positive and significant on economic growth for both ASEAN and EU regions. However, the impact is more substantial in the EU region. The empirical findings also confirmed the positive and significant impact of ICT Usage and readiness on economic growth for both ASEAN and EU. The results revealed that ICT usage's impact is more robust than ICT readiness. Further, the impact is more substantial in the EU than in the ASEAN region. The study identified precise ICT usage and readiness threshold levels. In this regard, the dynamic panel threshold regression findings are the prime contribution of the study. The dynamic panel threshold results in the ASEAN region have provided threshold levels of 71%, 524,228, and 27,713,029 for ICT usage (internet usage), ICT iv readiness (mobile phone subscription), and ICT readiness (fixed telephone connections), respectively. Similarly, dynamic threshold findings for the EU have confirmed threshold levels of 45%, 5,449,203, and 1,250,403 for ICT usage (internet usage), ICT readiness (mobile phone subscription), and ICT readiness (fixed telephone connections), respectively. The threshold results confirmed an overall saturation in ASEAN and EU regions considering ICT usage (Internet Users) and ICT readiness (Mobile Phone Subscription and Fixed Telephone Connections). It concluded that ICT usage and readiness impact in both regions is more significant and robust below the specified threshold levels than above the threshold. UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2022-10 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/40281/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/40281/4/Bilal.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	HB Economic Theory
spellingShingle	HB Economic Theory Muhammad Bilal, Ahsin Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions
description	Economic integration and ICT have emerged as significant contributors to economic growth. Although economic integration and ICT have been increasing over the last few years, economic growth has curbed behavior in the EU and ASEAN regions. The curbed economic growth signifies exploring the impact of economic integration and ICT in both regions. So, in light of endogenous growth theory and new trade theory, this study investigates the impact of economic integration and ICT on economic growth for EU and ASEAN regions. Additionally, the existence of the digital divide in the EU and ASEAN regions has been a prime concern for governing bodies of the EU and ASEAN. To address the digital divide issue, this study explores the role of ICT for economic integration and growth nexus concerning ICT usage and readiness. Further, this study identifies precise threshold levels considering ICT readiness and usage for both regions. The study used dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and dynamic panel threshold regression techniques to avoid endogeneity. The results confirmed the dynamic impact of economic growth in both EU and ASEAN regions. The results revealed that the impact of economic integration is positive and significant on economic growth for both ASEAN and EU regions. However, the impact is more substantial in the EU region. The empirical findings also confirmed the positive and significant impact of ICT Usage and readiness on economic growth for both ASEAN and EU. The results revealed that ICT usage's impact is more robust than ICT readiness. Further, the impact is more substantial in the EU than in the ASEAN region. The study identified precise ICT usage and readiness threshold levels. In this regard, the dynamic panel threshold regression findings are the prime contribution of the study. The dynamic panel threshold results in the ASEAN region have provided threshold levels of 71%, 524,228, and 27,713,029 for ICT usage (internet usage), ICT iv readiness (mobile phone subscription), and ICT readiness (fixed telephone connections), respectively. Similarly, dynamic threshold findings for the EU have confirmed threshold levels of 45%, 5,449,203, and 1,250,403 for ICT usage (internet usage), ICT readiness (mobile phone subscription), and ICT readiness (fixed telephone connections), respectively. The threshold results confirmed an overall saturation in ASEAN and EU regions considering ICT usage (Internet Users) and ICT readiness (Mobile Phone Subscription and Fixed Telephone Connections). It concluded that ICT usage and readiness impact in both regions is more significant and robust below the specified threshold levels than above the threshold.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Muhammad Bilal, Ahsin
author_facet	Muhammad Bilal, Ahsin
author_sort	Muhammad Bilal, Ahsin
title	Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions
title_short	Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions
title_full	Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions
title_fullStr	Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions
title_sort	impact of economic integration and information and communication technology on economic growth in asean and eu regions
granting_institution	UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
granting_department	FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS
publishDate	2022
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/40281/4/Bilal.pdf
_version_	1804888418808758272

Impact of Economic Integration and Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in ASEAN and EU Regions

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