Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure

Hyperthermia treatment procedure (HTP) is an alternative treatment for cancer, where it induces heat and forms a biological effect. The efficiency of the hyperthermia procedure depends significantly on the focusing distance position of the electromagnetic energy to elevate the temperature of the can...

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Main Author:	Vei Ling, Wong
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/5/Wong%20Vei%20Ling%20_dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/4/Thesis%20Master_Wong%20Vei%20Ling%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/8/Thesis%20Master_Wong%20Vei%20Ling.ftext.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.431122023-12-04T04:06:20Z Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure 2023-10-17 Vei Ling, Wong TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Hyperthermia treatment procedure (HTP) is an alternative treatment for cancer, where it induces heat and forms a biological effect. The efficiency of the hyperthermia procedure depends significantly on the focusing distance position of the electromagnetic energy to elevate the temperature of the cancerous tissue until 41°C to 45°C within 60 to 360 minutes. However, the current non-invasive HTP for cancer has limitations in its penetration depth (PD) and focusing distance position (FPD) on human tissues, which may contribute to less effective treatment on the targeted cancer tissue. Thus, this research is mainly to develop a modified metamaterial-split ring resonator (MTM-SRR) lens structure for enhancing the FPD of different stages of breast cancers. To achieve the mentioned objective, five research phases are performed. First, the development of breast phantom. Second is microstrip antenna development, which follows metamaterial (MTM) lens development, then water bolus addition and the fifth, in which the final phase is the validation of the outcomes. These experiment components are developed using the SEMCAD X 14.8.4 software simulator. With SEMCAD X 14.8.4, an electromagnetic (EM) simulation is conducted to obtain the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) distribution towards the developed breast phantom, which consists of breast fat and breast cancer tissue. From the SAR, the PD and FPD are measured. As the results, the integration of MTM has performed in a significant effect by enhancing the FPD of HTP and existed lesser unwanted hotspots area. The FPD coverage percentage of HTP execution with selected MTM-SRR designs reached 95.32%, 87.48%, 81.08% and 89.45% for early stage, stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 of breast cancer respectively. In addition, different stages of cancers required different suitable operating frequencies and different D0 of MTM. Then, with the addition of water bolus, the unwanted hotspots are reduced further and reshaped the SAR distribution to attain the effective field size of SAR for HTP. In summary, with a modified MTM structure applicator with the addition of water bolus, the PD and FPD on the treated cancer tissue can be enhanced and improved further. However, further work is required to perform laboratory experimentation on a real proposed HTP applicator prototype with mimicked breast cancer tissue to observe the SAR distribution of PD and FPD. UNIMAS 2023-10 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/5/Wong%20Vei%20Ling%20_dsva.pdf text en staffonly http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/4/Thesis%20Master_Wong%20Vei%20Ling%20-%2024%20pages.pdf text en public http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/8/Thesis%20Master_Wong%20Vei%20Ling.ftext.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Electrical and Electronic Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering Vei Ling, Wong Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure
description	Hyperthermia treatment procedure (HTP) is an alternative treatment for cancer, where it induces heat and forms a biological effect. The efficiency of the hyperthermia procedure depends significantly on the focusing distance position of the electromagnetic energy to elevate the temperature of the cancerous tissue until 41°C to 45°C within 60 to 360 minutes. However, the current non-invasive HTP for cancer has limitations in its penetration depth (PD) and focusing distance position (FPD) on human tissues, which may contribute to less effective treatment on the targeted cancer tissue. Thus, this research is mainly to develop a modified metamaterial-split ring resonator (MTM-SRR) lens structure for enhancing the FPD of different stages of breast cancers. To achieve the mentioned objective, five research phases are performed. First, the development of breast phantom. Second is microstrip antenna development, which follows metamaterial (MTM) lens development, then water bolus addition and the fifth, in which the final phase is the validation of the outcomes. These experiment components are developed using the SEMCAD X 14.8.4 software simulator. With SEMCAD X 14.8.4, an electromagnetic (EM) simulation is conducted to obtain the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) distribution towards the developed breast phantom, which consists of breast fat and breast cancer tissue. From the SAR, the PD and FPD are measured. As the results, the integration of MTM has performed in a significant effect by enhancing the FPD of HTP and existed lesser unwanted hotspots area. The FPD coverage percentage of HTP execution with selected MTM-SRR designs reached 95.32%, 87.48%, 81.08% and 89.45% for early stage, stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 of breast cancer respectively. In addition, different stages of cancers required different suitable operating frequencies and different D0 of MTM. Then, with the addition of water bolus, the unwanted hotspots are reduced further and reshaped the SAR distribution to attain the effective field size of SAR for HTP. In summary, with a modified MTM structure applicator with the addition of water bolus, the PD and FPD on the treated cancer tissue can be enhanced and improved further. However, further work is required to perform laboratory experimentation on a real proposed HTP applicator prototype with mimicked breast cancer tissue to observe the SAR distribution of PD and FPD.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Vei Ling, Wong
author_facet	Vei Ling, Wong
author_sort	Vei Ling, Wong
title	Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure
title_short	Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure
title_full	Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure
title_fullStr	Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure
title_full_unstemmed	Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure
title_sort	modified metamaterial lens structure for non-invasive hyperthermia breast cancer procedure
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
publishDate	2023
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/5/Wong%20Vei%20Ling%20_dsva.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/4/Thesis%20Master_Wong%20Vei%20Ling%20-%2024%20pages.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/43112/8/Thesis%20Master_Wong%20Vei%20Ling.ftext.pdf
_version_	1794023043259957248

Modified Metamaterial Lens Structure for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Breast Cancer Procedure

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