The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators

STEM education has garnered significant global attention due to its critical role in preparing students for future employment in an increasingly technological world. Recognizing this importance, Malaysia has made STEM education a national priority, focusing on integrating Information and Communicati...

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Main Author:	Fariedah, Lal Chan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	L Education (General) LB2361 Curriculum
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46430/8/Fariedah%20Lal%20Chan.pdf
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id	my-unimas-ir.46430
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-unimas-ir.464302024-12-03T01:25:49Z The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators 2024 Fariedah, Lal Chan L Education (General) LB2361 Curriculum STEM education has garnered significant global attention due to its critical role in preparing students for future employment in an increasingly technological world. Recognizing this importance, Malaysia has made STEM education a national priority, focusing on integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into STEM teaching. This study aims to develop and validate the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI), an instrument designed to assess ICT integration in STEM teaching among educators at TVETMARA, a private Malaysian Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) provider. The study is grounded in the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and addresses contextual factors affecting ICT integration in STEM education. The development of SITI employed an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach (QUAL→quan) using three phases of instrument development. The first phase involved a qualitative study exploring ICT integration in STEM teaching through semi-structured interviews with 10 TVETMARA educators, complemented by classroom observations and lesson plan analysis. Thematic analysis using Quirkos software identified five key themes: ICT Selection, Organisation Support, Peer Collaboration, Pedagogical Practices, and Lesson Preparation. These themes informed the development of the SITI instrument, resulting in an initial pool of five constructs with 42 items in the second phase. The third phase of SITI development involved a quantitative study to validate SITI’s content and construct validity. Expert validation and descriptive analyses retained five constructs and 42 items. For construct validation, the SITI instrument was administered to TVETMARA educators in two stages: exploratory (n = 162) and confirmatory (n = 265). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using IBM SPSS 22 reduced the instrument to 32 items across five constructs, although the Lesson Preparation construct was excluded due to inter-factor correlations. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using IBM SPSS Amos 26 established convergent and discriminant validity, with the instrument showing strong internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.8). The final SITI instrument consists of 32 items across five constructs—ICT Selection, Organisation Support, Peer Collaboration, Pedagogical Practices, and STEM Teaching—measured on a 7-point Likert scale. This validated instrument provides a reliable tool for measuring ICT integration in STEM teaching within the TPACK context. The study’s findings contribute to expanding STEM pedagogy by highlighting the role of contextual ICT integration. The SITI instrument offers educators and policymakers insights into designing technology interventions tailored to the specific needs of STEM educators. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2024 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46430/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46430/8/Fariedah%20Lal%20Chan.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sarawak FCSHD
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	L Education (General) LB2361 Curriculum
spellingShingle	L Education (General) LB2361 Curriculum Fariedah, Lal Chan The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators
description	STEM education has garnered significant global attention due to its critical role in preparing students for future employment in an increasingly technological world. Recognizing this importance, Malaysia has made STEM education a national priority, focusing on integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into STEM teaching. This study aims to develop and validate the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI), an instrument designed to assess ICT integration in STEM teaching among educators at TVETMARA, a private Malaysian Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) provider. The study is grounded in the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and addresses contextual factors affecting ICT integration in STEM education. The development of SITI employed an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach (QUAL→quan) using three phases of instrument development. The first phase involved a qualitative study exploring ICT integration in STEM teaching through semi-structured interviews with 10 TVETMARA educators, complemented by classroom observations and lesson plan analysis. Thematic analysis using Quirkos software identified five key themes: ICT Selection, Organisation Support, Peer Collaboration, Pedagogical Practices, and Lesson Preparation. These themes informed the development of the SITI instrument, resulting in an initial pool of five constructs with 42 items in the second phase. The third phase of SITI development involved a quantitative study to validate SITI’s content and construct validity. Expert validation and descriptive analyses retained five constructs and 42 items. For construct validation, the SITI instrument was administered to TVETMARA educators in two stages: exploratory (n = 162) and confirmatory (n = 265). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using IBM SPSS 22 reduced the instrument to 32 items across five constructs, although the Lesson Preparation construct was excluded due to inter-factor correlations. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using IBM SPSS Amos 26 established convergent and discriminant validity, with the instrument showing strong internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.8). The final SITI instrument consists of 32 items across five constructs—ICT Selection, Organisation Support, Peer Collaboration, Pedagogical Practices, and STEM Teaching—measured on a 7-point Likert scale. This validated instrument provides a reliable tool for measuring ICT integration in STEM teaching within the TPACK context. The study’s findings contribute to expanding STEM pedagogy by highlighting the role of contextual ICT integration. The SITI instrument offers educators and policymakers insights into designing technology interventions tailored to the specific needs of STEM educators.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Fariedah, Lal Chan
author_facet	Fariedah, Lal Chan
author_sort	Fariedah, Lal Chan
title	The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators
title_short	The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators
title_full	The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators
title_fullStr	The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators
title_full_unstemmed	The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators
title_sort	development of the stem ict teaching inventory (siti) to measure ict integration in stem teaching among tvetmara educators
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
granting_department	FCSHD
publishDate	2024
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/46430/8/Fariedah%20Lal%20Chan.pdf
_version_	1818611699022823424

The Development of the STEM ICT Teaching Inventory (SITI) to Measure ICT integration in STEM Teaching among TVETMARA Educators

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