Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a cheap and versatile fiber. Retting is the major problem in applying high grade kenaf fibers that separate kenaf bast and core fibers. Fungal isolates were screened for pectinase and ligninase production via qualitative and quantitative measurement and seven fungal is...

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Main Author:	Dayang Syahreeny, Bt Abang Mustafa
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8798/1/Dayang%20Syahreeny%20Bt%20Abang%20Mustafa%20ft.pdf
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spelling	my-unimas-ir.87982023-05-11T07:55:36Z Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi 2014 Dayang Syahreeny, Bt Abang Mustafa Q Science (General) Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a cheap and versatile fiber. Retting is the major problem in applying high grade kenaf fibers that separate kenaf bast and core fibers. Fungal isolates were screened for pectinase and ligninase production via qualitative and quantitative measurement and seven fungal isolates were found to be promising. The fungal were identified via morphological identification, molecular identification using ITS primers and phylogenetic tree by Neighbour Joining method, which leads to their identification as Basidiomycota sp. UMAS EN1, Hypocrea lixii UMAS PALM1, Ceratocystis paradoxa UMAS PG3, Aspergillus nomius UMAS MW16, Aspergillus nomius UMAS P3, Aspergillus nomius UMAS JA2 and Pestalotiopsis olivacea UMAS PUC1. Fungal isolates UMAS EN1, UMAS PALM1, UMAS PG3 and PP mixed culture of UMAS PALM1 and UMAS PG3 were further opted as inoculums for kenaf retting trial. Kenaf retting was found to be better using fungal plugs under static condition. The evaluation of kenaf retting efficiency was based on the removal rate of pectin and lignin, enzymatic profile during kenaf retting and study of kenaf surface via SEM. As a result, the highest removal rate of pectin and lignin in kenaf retting was 79.05 ± 0.4 % and 40.67 ± 2.6 %, respectively with pectinase recorded as the predominant enzyme with highest activity at 2.486 ± 0.14 U ml-1. Besides, SEM revealed the removal of non-cellulosic components and separation of the bast fibers. PP mixed culture was further utilized in kenaf retting optimization. Physical retting factors of initial pH, temperature, retting period and inoculation size were selected and optimized using central composite design (CCD). CCD indicated that the initial pH and retting period had significant effects on pectin removal rate. Temperature of 25oC, initial pH of 4.0, inoculation size of 4 plugs and retting time of 4 days were the optimized condition estimated by the reduced model which predict 95.20% pectin removal rate as compared to 79.05% pectin removal rate at standard condition. A validation run was xii performed and pectin removal rate obtained was recorded as 91.00% which is comparable to maximum removal rate as predicted by the reduced model. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS) 2014 Thesis http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8798/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8798/1/Dayang%20Syahreeny%20Bt%20Abang%20Mustafa%20ft.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS) Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
collection	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Dayang Syahreeny, Bt Abang Mustafa Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi
description	Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a cheap and versatile fiber. Retting is the major problem in applying high grade kenaf fibers that separate kenaf bast and core fibers. Fungal isolates were screened for pectinase and ligninase production via qualitative and quantitative measurement and seven fungal isolates were found to be promising. The fungal were identified via morphological identification, molecular identification using ITS primers and phylogenetic tree by Neighbour Joining method, which leads to their identification as Basidiomycota sp. UMAS EN1, Hypocrea lixii UMAS PALM1, Ceratocystis paradoxa UMAS PG3, Aspergillus nomius UMAS MW16, Aspergillus nomius UMAS P3, Aspergillus nomius UMAS JA2 and Pestalotiopsis olivacea UMAS PUC1. Fungal isolates UMAS EN1, UMAS PALM1, UMAS PG3 and PP mixed culture of UMAS PALM1 and UMAS PG3 were further opted as inoculums for kenaf retting trial. Kenaf retting was found to be better using fungal plugs under static condition. The evaluation of kenaf retting efficiency was based on the removal rate of pectin and lignin, enzymatic profile during kenaf retting and study of kenaf surface via SEM. As a result, the highest removal rate of pectin and lignin in kenaf retting was 79.05 ± 0.4 % and 40.67 ± 2.6 %, respectively with pectinase recorded as the predominant enzyme with highest activity at 2.486 ± 0.14 U ml-1. Besides, SEM revealed the removal of non-cellulosic components and separation of the bast fibers. PP mixed culture was further utilized in kenaf retting optimization. Physical retting factors of initial pH, temperature, retting period and inoculation size were selected and optimized using central composite design (CCD). CCD indicated that the initial pH and retting period had significant effects on pectin removal rate. Temperature of 25oC, initial pH of 4.0, inoculation size of 4 plugs and retting time of 4 days were the optimized condition estimated by the reduced model which predict 95.20% pectin removal rate as compared to 79.05% pectin removal rate at standard condition. A validation run was xii performed and pectin removal rate obtained was recorded as 91.00% which is comparable to maximum removal rate as predicted by the reduced model.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Dayang Syahreeny, Bt Abang Mustafa
author_facet	Dayang Syahreeny, Bt Abang Mustafa
author_sort	Dayang Syahreeny, Bt Abang Mustafa
title	Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi
title_short	Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi
title_full	Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi
title_fullStr	Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi
title_full_unstemmed	Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi
title_sort	kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus) microbial retting by locally isolated fungi
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS)
granting_department	Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
publishDate	2014
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/8798/1/Dayang%20Syahreeny%20Bt%20Abang%20Mustafa%20ft.pdf
_version_	1783727996244328448

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Microbial Retting by Locally Isolated Fungi

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