Assessment of heavy metals in Amaranthus viridis L. from Peninsular Malaysia
Human health risk and phytoremediation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in edible vegetables have been widely discussed nowadays. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of six PTMs, namely Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Amaranthus viridis (leaves, stems and roots) collected from 11 sa...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104311/1/AZIRAN%20BIN%20YAACOB%20-%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Human health risk and phytoremediation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in edible
vegetables have been widely discussed nowadays. This study aimed to determine the
concentrations of six PTMs, namely Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Amaranthus viridis
(leaves, stems and roots) collected from 11 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia and to
assess their human health risk (HHR). Fifteen individuals of A. viridis were analysed
from each 11 sampling sites with three replicates. All metal content in plant and soil
samples were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) iCE 3000
series at the Department of Chemistry of UPM. In general, the metal levels followed the
order: roots> stems> leaves. The metal concentrations (μg/g) in the leaves of A. viridis
ranged from 0.45 to 2.18 dry weight (dw) (0.05-0.26 wet weight (ww)), from 74.8 to 535
dw (8.97-64.2 ww), 2.02 to 7.45 dw (0.24-0.89 ww), and 65.2 to 521 dw (7.83-62.6 ww),
for Cd, Fe, Ni and Zn, respectively. The positive relationships between the metals, the
plant parts and the geochemical factions of their habitat topsoils indicated the potential
of A. viridis as good a biomonitor of Cd, Fe, Ni, and Pb pollution. With most of the values
of BCF> 1.0 and TF> 1.0, thus A. viridis is a very potential phytoextraction agent of Cu,
Ni and Zn. Additionally, with most of the values of BCF> 1.0 and TF< 1.0, A. viridis is
a very potential phytostabiliser of Cd, Fe, and Pb. The experimental greenhouse findings
indicated three points. Firstly, wastewater irrigation could cause the accumulation of Cu
and Pb in the different parts of A. viridis, although these two metals did not highly
contaminate the wastewater. Secondly, the accumulated metal levels in the different parts
of A. viridis after 35 days of the experimental greenhouse study were mainly within the
metal ranges found in the field-collected samples. Thirdly, the findings also indicated
that A. viridis had the potential to be biomonitors of Cu and Pb. Concerning HHR, the
target hazard quotients (THQ) for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn in the leaves of A. viridis were
all below 1.00, indicating there were no non-carcinogenic risks four metals to consumers,
including children and adults. Still, routine monitoring of PTMs in Amaranthus farms is
much needed. |
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