Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential

Nowadays, researchers around the globe are extensively searching for potential safe alternative drugs and antioxidant. The need for this alternative natural resource is due to the harmful side effects of current commercial synthetic drugs and antioxidant. The underutilized plant might be the key...

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Main Author:	Mohd Jailani, Fatin Nor Amirah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	Indian jujube - Malaysia Jujube (Plant) - Malaysia
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104595/1/FBSB%202021%2035%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.104595
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spelling	my-upm-ir.1045952023-10-11T07:29:40Z Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential 2021-02 Mohd Jailani, Fatin Nor Amirah Nowadays, researchers around the globe are extensively searching for potential safe alternative drugs and antioxidant. The need for this alternative natural resource is due to the harmful side effects of current commercial synthetic drugs and antioxidant. The underutilized plant might be the key to discovering the presence of potential bioactive compounds for medicinal purposes or nutraceutical products. However, due to the scarcity of information and lack of study on many underutilized plants, the potential antioxidants compound remains undiscovered. Ziziphus mauritiana is one of Malaysian underutilized plant which had been used locally as traditional treatments and also for Islamic practises. This plant is believed to have good nutritional content and carries antioxidative properties. Thus, this study is carried out to investigate the nutritional composition and physicochemical value of Z. mauritiana extracts associated with the antioxidant capacity of the different extraction solvents. The nutritional composition of Z. mauritiana leaves, fruit and seed were determined using proximate analysis. The physicochemical properties of Z. mauritiana leaves and fruit were measured based on their pH value, total acidity (TA) and total soluble solid content (TSS) while antioxidant capacity was analyzed using TPC, TFC, FRAP and DPPH assays. Based on the results, leaves showed the highest percentage of ash (9.06%) and crude protein (14.59%) while the moisture content (88.32%) was found the highest in fruit. The crude fiber (48.12%), fat (1.89%), carbohydrate (63.24%) and energy (411.61 kJ) were the highest in the seed. The results also showed that Z. mauritiana fruit had a higher value of TSS (11.70°Brix) and TA (0.32%) than the leaves while the pH of the leaves (5.47) was higher than fruit (4.77). The phytochemical compound of squalene (46.69%) in leaves, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (35.04%) in fruit and conipheryl alcohol (21.45%) in seed were the major compounds found using GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant capacity of Z. mauritiana in different solvent extracts showed that the highest TPC, TFC and FRAP value was found in leaves water extract (287.71 mgGAE/g), in fruit water extracts (119.75 mgQAE/g) and leaves acetone extract (10.06 mgFe/g) respectively. While the strongest free radical scavenging activity against DPPH was shown in the leaves water extract (4.02 μg/ml). According to principal component analysis (PCA), flavonoid compound has shown a significant positive correlation with ferric reducing power by 0.760 while the extracts can be classified into three distinctive groups of potential phenolic, flavonoid and weak scavenging activity against DPPH. Thus, the underutilized plant of Malaysian Z. mauritiana has the potential to be used as an alternative source of nutraceutical product. Indian jujube - Malaysia Jujube (Plant) - Malaysia Plants, Useful - Malaysia 2021-02 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104595/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104595/1/FBSB%202021%2035%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Indian jujube - Malaysia Jujube (Plant) - Malaysia Plants, Useful - Malaysia Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah
topic	Indian jujube - Malaysia Jujube (Plant) - Malaysia Indian jujube - Malaysia
spellingShingle	Indian jujube - Malaysia Jujube (Plant) - Malaysia Indian jujube - Malaysia Mohd Jailani, Fatin Nor Amirah Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential
description	Nowadays, researchers around the globe are extensively searching for potential safe alternative drugs and antioxidant. The need for this alternative natural resource is due to the harmful side effects of current commercial synthetic drugs and antioxidant. The underutilized plant might be the key to discovering the presence of potential bioactive compounds for medicinal purposes or nutraceutical products. However, due to the scarcity of information and lack of study on many underutilized plants, the potential antioxidants compound remains undiscovered. Ziziphus mauritiana is one of Malaysian underutilized plant which had been used locally as traditional treatments and also for Islamic practises. This plant is believed to have good nutritional content and carries antioxidative properties. Thus, this study is carried out to investigate the nutritional composition and physicochemical value of Z. mauritiana extracts associated with the antioxidant capacity of the different extraction solvents. The nutritional composition of Z. mauritiana leaves, fruit and seed were determined using proximate analysis. The physicochemical properties of Z. mauritiana leaves and fruit were measured based on their pH value, total acidity (TA) and total soluble solid content (TSS) while antioxidant capacity was analyzed using TPC, TFC, FRAP and DPPH assays. Based on the results, leaves showed the highest percentage of ash (9.06%) and crude protein (14.59%) while the moisture content (88.32%) was found the highest in fruit. The crude fiber (48.12%), fat (1.89%), carbohydrate (63.24%) and energy (411.61 kJ) were the highest in the seed. The results also showed that Z. mauritiana fruit had a higher value of TSS (11.70°Brix) and TA (0.32%) than the leaves while the pH of the leaves (5.47) was higher than fruit (4.77). The phytochemical compound of squalene (46.69%) in leaves, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (35.04%) in fruit and conipheryl alcohol (21.45%) in seed were the major compounds found using GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant capacity of Z. mauritiana in different solvent extracts showed that the highest TPC, TFC and FRAP value was found in leaves water extract (287.71 mgGAE/g), in fruit water extracts (119.75 mgQAE/g) and leaves acetone extract (10.06 mgFe/g) respectively. While the strongest free radical scavenging activity against DPPH was shown in the leaves water extract (4.02 μg/ml). According to principal component analysis (PCA), flavonoid compound has shown a significant positive correlation with ferric reducing power by 0.760 while the extracts can be classified into three distinctive groups of potential phenolic, flavonoid and weak scavenging activity against DPPH. Thus, the underutilized plant of Malaysian Z. mauritiana has the potential to be used as an alternative source of nutraceutical product.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Jailani, Fatin Nor Amirah
author_facet	Mohd Jailani, Fatin Nor Amirah
author_sort	Mohd Jailani, Fatin Nor Amirah
title	Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential
title_short	Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential
title_full	Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential
title_fullStr	Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential
title_full_unstemmed	Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential
title_sort	nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized ziziphus mauritiana l. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2021
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104595/1/FBSB%202021%2035%20IR.pdf
_version_	1783725821727342592

Nutritional and antioxidative properties of underutilized Ziziphus mauritiana L. (bidara) for nutraceutical potential

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