Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil

Urea and phosphate rock (PR) have been widely used in Malaysian agriculture. However, ammonia (NH3) volatilization and slow release of P are two major problems encountered when urea and PR fertilizers were used. High pH, AI and Fe oxides content and low cation exchange capacity (CEC) have been i...

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Main Author:	Kasim, Susilawati
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2003
Subjects:	Ammonia as fertilizer - Physiological effect - Case studies
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10672/1/FP_2003_25.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.10672
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.106722024-05-09T02:01:32Z Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil 2003-07 Kasim, Susilawati Urea and phosphate rock (PR) have been widely used in Malaysian agriculture. However, ammonia (NH3) volatilization and slow release of P are two major problems encountered when urea and PR fertilizers were used. High pH, AI and Fe oxides content and low cation exchange capacity (CEC) have been identified as causing these problems in soil. Peat and triple superphosphate (TSP) may be mixed to supply humic substances from peat to reduce P fixation, N loss and proton (H+) from TSP to solubilize PR in water and soil. Thus, a study was initiated to investigate the effect of these mixed fertilizers on NH3 volatilization and dissolution of PR in a pure system and in an acid soil. Various combinations of urea, TSP, CIPR fertilizers and peat were compacted and studied in the two systems in the laboratory. In pure system, the N loss following addition of peat (5.09%) is better than TSP (28.15%). Four combinations of fertilizers gave the second highest P dissolution (70.53%) at day one and day 10 (71.15%) based on changes in P released (L\P) method after urea plus TSP and peat. Almost 40% of changes in Ca released (b.Ca) was detected in solution when any combination of TSP and Christmas Island Phosphate Rock (CIPR) was used in the mixture after 10 days. This is due to the production of phosphoric acid by TSP. Surface application of compacted mixed fertilizer on the soil showed that urea plus TSP and CIPR and urea plus TSP and peat managed to decrease the loss of N by nearly 50% compared to only urea. This is due to the production of Ca2+ by P sources and additional CEC by peat. Delay in the peak N loss differed with fertilizer combinations: urea + TSP +CIPR (3 days), urea + TSP + CIPR + peat (7 days), urea + TSP + peat (7 days) and urea + peat (5 days). The CIPR and peat mixture showed the highest L\P value (394.66 mg kg-1) after 90 days of incubation in soil. On average, the highest (310.98 mg kg-1) P dissolution as measured by b.P method was obtained using urea plus TSP, CIPR and peat. This was attributed to the protons supplied by TSP and Casink from peat which promoted the dissolution of PR in mixed fertilizer. Thus, compacted mixed fertilizer is an effective way to decrease NH3 volatilization and increase L\P in soil and pure system. However, this depends on the combination of the fertilizers used. Ammonia as fertilizer - Physiological effect - Case studies 2003-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10672/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10672/1/FP_2003_25.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Ammonia as fertilizer - Physiological effect - Case studies Faculty of Agriculture Hussin, Aminuddin English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
advisor	Hussin, Aminuddin
topic	Ammonia as fertilizer - Physiological effect - Case studies
spellingShingle	Ammonia as fertilizer - Physiological effect - Case studies Kasim, Susilawati Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil
description	Urea and phosphate rock (PR) have been widely used in Malaysian agriculture. However, ammonia (NH3) volatilization and slow release of P are two major problems encountered when urea and PR fertilizers were used. High pH, AI and Fe oxides content and low cation exchange capacity (CEC) have been identified as causing these problems in soil. Peat and triple superphosphate (TSP) may be mixed to supply humic substances from peat to reduce P fixation, N loss and proton (H+) from TSP to solubilize PR in water and soil. Thus, a study was initiated to investigate the effect of these mixed fertilizers on NH3 volatilization and dissolution of PR in a pure system and in an acid soil. Various combinations of urea, TSP, CIPR fertilizers and peat were compacted and studied in the two systems in the laboratory. In pure system, the N loss following addition of peat (5.09%) is better than TSP (28.15%). Four combinations of fertilizers gave the second highest P dissolution (70.53%) at day one and day 10 (71.15%) based on changes in P released (L\P) method after urea plus TSP and peat. Almost 40% of changes in Ca released (b.Ca) was detected in solution when any combination of TSP and Christmas Island Phosphate Rock (CIPR) was used in the mixture after 10 days. This is due to the production of phosphoric acid by TSP. Surface application of compacted mixed fertilizer on the soil showed that urea plus TSP and CIPR and urea plus TSP and peat managed to decrease the loss of N by nearly 50% compared to only urea. This is due to the production of Ca2+ by P sources and additional CEC by peat. Delay in the peak N loss differed with fertilizer combinations: urea + TSP +CIPR (3 days), urea + TSP + CIPR + peat (7 days), urea + TSP + peat (7 days) and urea + peat (5 days). The CIPR and peat mixture showed the highest L\P value (394.66 mg kg-1) after 90 days of incubation in soil. On average, the highest (310.98 mg kg-1) P dissolution as measured by b.P method was obtained using urea plus TSP, CIPR and peat. This was attributed to the protons supplied by TSP and Casink from peat which promoted the dissolution of PR in mixed fertilizer. Thus, compacted mixed fertilizer is an effective way to decrease NH3 volatilization and increase L\P in soil and pure system. However, this depends on the combination of the fertilizers used.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Kasim, Susilawati
author_facet	Kasim, Susilawati
author_sort	Kasim, Susilawati
title	Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil
title_short	Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil
title_full	Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil
title_fullStr	Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil
title_full_unstemmed	Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil
title_sort	ammonia volatilization and phosphate release from compacted mixed fertilizers in pure system and in an acid soil
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Agriculture
publishDate	2003
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10672/1/FP_2003_25.pdf
_version_	1804888589760200704

Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphate Release from Compacted Mixed Fertilizers in Pure System and in an Acid Soil

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