Anti-inflammatory activities of Cleome gynandra Linn. and Melicope ptelefolia champ. ex Benth. for possible use in a topical cream formulation
Herbal formulation is defined as the formulation of one or more than two herbs, with documented efficacies in treating inflammatory diseases, including skin conditions. Cleome gynandra (Maman), and Melicope ptelefolia (Tenggek Burung) are traditional herb in Malaysia that well-known as a vegetabl...
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Format: | Thesis |
Language: | English English |
Published: |
2021
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Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112945/1/112945.pdf |
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Summary: | Herbal formulation is defined as the formulation of one or more than two herbs, with
documented efficacies in treating inflammatory diseases, including skin conditions.
Cleome gynandra (Maman), and Melicope ptelefolia (Tenggek Burung) are traditional
herb in Malaysia that well-known as a vegetable dish. Both C. gynandra and M.
ptelefolia leaves in methanolic extract have been proven for their anti-inflammatory
properties. Previous data on these two herbs were mainly reported their efficacy in the
form of standardized extract, while limited data on their anti-inflammatory activity as
herbal formulation, particularly as cream-based products. These studies aimed to
investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of C. gynandra, M. ptelefolia and their
cream formulation by using in vitro and in vivo models. The single herb extract of C.
gynandra, M. ptelefolia and their herbal formulation were tested for their toxicity
testing using MTT assay and anti-inflammatory activities by nitric oxide inhibition
assay. The results indicated that single herb C. gynandra exhibited the highest
percentage of cell viability (110.59%) at concentration 4 mg/mL on RAW 264.7 cells
compared to M. ptelefolia (38.01%), suggesting that C. gynandra extract is less
cytotoxic compared to M. ptelefolia. Among the herbal formulations, the highest
percentage of cell viability (92.59%) at concentration 4 mg/mL on RAW 264.7 cells
were shown in the formulation that contains the highest concentration of C. gynandra
(C. gynandra: M. ptelefolia at ratio 70:30 (w/w)). For nitric oxide inhibition assay,
single herb C. gynandra exerted comparable (P>0.05) anti-inflammatory activities with
diclofenac sodium drug (0.6μM) at 0.5-2 mg/mL. In the meantime, the herbal
formulations of C. gynandra: M. ptelefolia at ratios 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30,
respectively, were insignificant, suggesting that all samples have equal efficacies
(P>0.05). From the result in vitro assay, extract with best activities overall (single herb
C. gynandra) were then further developed into topical anti-inflammatory cream.
Subsequently, C. gynandra in a cream formulation was tested on arachidonic acidinduced
ear oedema model of male Sprague-Dawley rats. C. gynandra cream treated
rats showed significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage recovery (70.21%) than the
negative control (27.43%) and basal cream (55.8%), indicating that this C. gynandra
cream was effectively reducing inflammation symptoms in the ear oedema model in
rats. C. gynandra cream also caused no irritation and no changes to the haematological
and histopathological parameters in the skin irritation model in rats, suggesting its nontoxic
activity for 28 days of exposure. In conclusion, C. gynandra could be potential as
a herbal formulation in cream-based for treating skin related inflammatory conditions. |
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