Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia

Forest gap opening due to natural or anthropogenic factors affects the growth of regenerated plants. It takes a long period to rehabilitate this disturbed area and it is mostly dominated by pioneer species. Therefore, a study to determine the survival rate, basal diameter and total height of thre...

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Main Author:	Ishak, Mohamad Fakhri
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	Timber - Malaysia Forest reserves - Malaysia Forests and forestry - Growth
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113079/1/113079.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.1130792024-10-25T03:23:25Z Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia 2013-11 Ishak, Mohamad Fakhri Forest gap opening due to natural or anthropogenic factors affects the growth of regenerated plants. It takes a long period to rehabilitate this disturbed area and it is mostly dominated by pioneer species. Therefore, a study to determine the survival rate, basal diameter and total height of three timber species based on different gap sizes and to determine the most suitable species for gap planting techniques was conducted in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor. This study was set up in Complete Randomized Design. Four plots were established with a 1 ha for each plot. In this study each plot represented a different planting design. Number and size of subplots for each plot varies depending on planting design. Plot 1 comprised nine subplots of 10 m x 10 m, Plot 2 has nine subplots of 20 m x 20 m, Plot 3 has five subplots of 10 m x 10 m and Plot 4 has five subplots of 20 m x 20 m. The mean percentage of canopy openness in plots 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 17.34%, 21.09%, 15.87% and 19.74%, respectively. Three species of dipterocarp namely Anisoptera marginata, Shorea assamica and Shorea platyclados were planted for this research. Data on growth for these species were measured for a period of one year. Soil in this area is in moderately acidic. Total N, available P and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are low, while exchangeable K, Ca and Mg are very low. One year after planting, A. marginata showed the best survival rate in all plots followed by S. assamica and S. platyclados. Percentage survival of species were 96%, 97%, 100% and 99%, respectively for Plot 1, 2, 3 and 4 for A. marginata; 52%, 86%, 67% and 91%, respectively for Plot 1, 2, 3 and 4 for S. assamica; and 33%, 77%, 53% and 85%, respectively for Plot 1, 2, 3 and 4 for S. platyclados. In term of basal diameter increment, no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between species and plots. Shorea platyclados showed the best growth increment in total height compared to A. marginata and S. assamica at 36.15±2.08 cm, 23.79±1.28 cm and 13.05±0.92 cm, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.01) between species. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between plots. The study also revealed that total leaf area was not significantly different (p>0.05) between species and plot. Overall, S. platyclados was found to be the best species compared to A. marginata and S. assamica in performance of growth increment. Study using various gap sizes should be conducted in the future to determine more accurately the suitable gap size for selected tree species. In addition, observation of pests and diseases should be done. Implementation of fertilizer is also required in support the growth increment of the tree. Besides that, observations on these studies should involve longer duration in order to have significant effects on all the parameters measured. Timber - Malaysia Forest reserves - Malaysia Forests and forestry - Growth 2013-11 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113079/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113079/1/113079.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Timber - Malaysia Forest reserves - Malaysia Forests and forestry - Growth Alias, Mohamad Azani
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Alias, Mohamad Azani
topic	Timber - Malaysia Forest reserves - Malaysia Forests and forestry - Growth
spellingShingle	Timber - Malaysia Forest reserves - Malaysia Forests and forestry - Growth Ishak, Mohamad Fakhri Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
description	Forest gap opening due to natural or anthropogenic factors affects the growth of regenerated plants. It takes a long period to rehabilitate this disturbed area and it is mostly dominated by pioneer species. Therefore, a study to determine the survival rate, basal diameter and total height of three timber species based on different gap sizes and to determine the most suitable species for gap planting techniques was conducted in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor. This study was set up in Complete Randomized Design. Four plots were established with a 1 ha for each plot. In this study each plot represented a different planting design. Number and size of subplots for each plot varies depending on planting design. Plot 1 comprised nine subplots of 10 m x 10 m, Plot 2 has nine subplots of 20 m x 20 m, Plot 3 has five subplots of 10 m x 10 m and Plot 4 has five subplots of 20 m x 20 m. The mean percentage of canopy openness in plots 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 17.34%, 21.09%, 15.87% and 19.74%, respectively. Three species of dipterocarp namely Anisoptera marginata, Shorea assamica and Shorea platyclados were planted for this research. Data on growth for these species were measured for a period of one year. Soil in this area is in moderately acidic. Total N, available P and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are low, while exchangeable K, Ca and Mg are very low. One year after planting, A. marginata showed the best survival rate in all plots followed by S. assamica and S. platyclados. Percentage survival of species were 96%, 97%, 100% and 99%, respectively for Plot 1, 2, 3 and 4 for A. marginata; 52%, 86%, 67% and 91%, respectively for Plot 1, 2, 3 and 4 for S. assamica; and 33%, 77%, 53% and 85%, respectively for Plot 1, 2, 3 and 4 for S. platyclados. In term of basal diameter increment, no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between species and plots. Shorea platyclados showed the best growth increment in total height compared to A. marginata and S. assamica at 36.15±2.08 cm, 23.79±1.28 cm and 13.05±0.92 cm, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.01) between species. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between plots. The study also revealed that total leaf area was not significantly different (p>0.05) between species and plot. Overall, S. platyclados was found to be the best species compared to A. marginata and S. assamica in performance of growth increment. Study using various gap sizes should be conducted in the future to determine more accurately the suitable gap size for selected tree species. In addition, observation of pests and diseases should be done. Implementation of fertilizer is also required in support the growth increment of the tree. Besides that, observations on these studies should involve longer duration in order to have significant effects on all the parameters measured.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ishak, Mohamad Fakhri
author_facet	Ishak, Mohamad Fakhri
author_sort	Ishak, Mohamad Fakhri
title	Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
title_short	Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
title_full	Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
title_sort	growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in ayer hitam forest reserve, selangor, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2013
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113079/1/113079.pdf
_version_	1818586138494894080

Growth of three indigenous timber species for enrichment planting in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia

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