Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties

Food waste contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution when disposed of in landfills. Finding sustainable ways to reduce it is crucial. Sandwich compost, a modified form of Bokashi, is a promising solution that converts food waste into a nutrient source for plants. The impact of sandwi...

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Main Author:	Phooi, Chooi Lin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	Food waste Soil amendments Bok choy
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113257/1/113257.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.113257
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spelling	my-upm-ir.1132572024-10-28T07:44:34Z Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties 2023 Phooi, Chooi Lin Food waste contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution when disposed of in landfills. Finding sustainable ways to reduce it is crucial. Sandwich compost, a modified form of Bokashi, is a promising solution that converts food waste into a nutrient source for plants. The impact of sandwich compost on soil-plant growth is not well-known. To address this, a study had three objectives: (i) to evaluate the effect of sandwiched compost leachate as a priming solution on Bok Choy seed germination performance; (ii) to evaluate the effect of sandwiched compost substrate amendment on soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities; and (iii) to evaluate the effect of sandwiched compost amendment on nutrient composition and antioxidants in Bok Choy compared to commercially grown plants. A self-made sandwich compost bucket was used in the study. Raw and cooked food waste, including plant and animal-based materials in a 3:2 ratio (raw:cooked), were collected locally. Alternate layers of sandwich compost bran and food waste were filled in the bucket, compacted, and covered tightly. The mixture was fermented for two weeks, and the resulting leachate and substrate were used in the research. Bok Choy seeds were treated with three methods in the first study: T1-Bio-nutripriming (0.2% of sandwiched compost leachate), T2-Hydropriming, and T3- Control (dry seeds) for 34 days. The experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that priming with sandwiched compost leachate improved germination time by 33.2% and increased SPAD unit by 28.6%. However, there was no significant difference in root and shoot dry matter among the treatments. Study 2 used a Completely Randomized Design to investigate soil-to-substrate ratios and incubation periods on soil properties and enzyme activities. Results showed that a 1:1 ratio for four weeks significantly improved soil quality, with substrate amendment playing a key role in improving soil-plant quality. This led to significant increases in soil urease activity, pH, and CEC compared to preamendment, and increased microbial activity positively affected nutrient availability, improving plant growth. The study suggests that sandwich compost can enhance soil quality as a soil amendment. Study 3 investigated the use of sandwiched compost substrate as a soil amendment, seed priming solution, and liquid fertilizer for Bok Choy growth. Results showed high yield potential and a high SPAD unit (26.50-37.77). The third cycle produced the highest total leaf area (71.78-141.73 cm2), and the fourth cycle produced Bok Choy with high total carotenoid content (521.60 mg g- 1). However, root growth was not favorable, suggesting that Sandwiched compost may not be suitable for root crops in the first two growing cycles due to the possible presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sandwiched compost substrate improves soil-plant quality, Bok Choy growth and nutrient content. Optimal soil-to-substrate incubation is 1:1 for four weeks. Sandwiched compost can be used as a soil amendment, seed priming solution, and liquid fertilizer. Further research is needed to determine its effectiveness for root crops. Food waste Soil amendments Bok choy 2023 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113257/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113257/1/113257.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Food waste Soil amendments Bok choy Azman, Elisa Azura
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Azman, Elisa Azura
topic	Food waste Soil amendments Bok choy
spellingShingle	Food waste Soil amendments Bok choy Phooi, Chooi Lin Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties
description	Food waste contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution when disposed of in landfills. Finding sustainable ways to reduce it is crucial. Sandwich compost, a modified form of Bokashi, is a promising solution that converts food waste into a nutrient source for plants. The impact of sandwich compost on soil-plant growth is not well-known. To address this, a study had three objectives: (i) to evaluate the effect of sandwiched compost leachate as a priming solution on Bok Choy seed germination performance; (ii) to evaluate the effect of sandwiched compost substrate amendment on soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities; and (iii) to evaluate the effect of sandwiched compost amendment on nutrient composition and antioxidants in Bok Choy compared to commercially grown plants. A self-made sandwich compost bucket was used in the study. Raw and cooked food waste, including plant and animal-based materials in a 3:2 ratio (raw:cooked), were collected locally. Alternate layers of sandwich compost bran and food waste were filled in the bucket, compacted, and covered tightly. The mixture was fermented for two weeks, and the resulting leachate and substrate were used in the research. Bok Choy seeds were treated with three methods in the first study: T1-Bio-nutripriming (0.2% of sandwiched compost leachate), T2-Hydropriming, and T3- Control (dry seeds) for 34 days. The experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that priming with sandwiched compost leachate improved germination time by 33.2% and increased SPAD unit by 28.6%. However, there was no significant difference in root and shoot dry matter among the treatments. Study 2 used a Completely Randomized Design to investigate soil-to-substrate ratios and incubation periods on soil properties and enzyme activities. Results showed that a 1:1 ratio for four weeks significantly improved soil quality, with substrate amendment playing a key role in improving soil-plant quality. This led to significant increases in soil urease activity, pH, and CEC compared to preamendment, and increased microbial activity positively affected nutrient availability, improving plant growth. The study suggests that sandwich compost can enhance soil quality as a soil amendment. Study 3 investigated the use of sandwiched compost substrate as a soil amendment, seed priming solution, and liquid fertilizer for Bok Choy growth. Results showed high yield potential and a high SPAD unit (26.50-37.77). The third cycle produced the highest total leaf area (71.78-141.73 cm2), and the fourth cycle produced Bok Choy with high total carotenoid content (521.60 mg g- 1). However, root growth was not favorable, suggesting that Sandwiched compost may not be suitable for root crops in the first two growing cycles due to the possible presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sandwiched compost substrate improves soil-plant quality, Bok Choy growth and nutrient content. Optimal soil-to-substrate incubation is 1:1 for four weeks. Sandwiched compost can be used as a soil amendment, seed priming solution, and liquid fertilizer. Further research is needed to determine its effectiveness for root crops.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Phooi, Chooi Lin
author_facet	Phooi, Chooi Lin
author_sort	Phooi, Chooi Lin
title	Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties
title_short	Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties
title_full	Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties
title_fullStr	Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties
title_sort	effects of food waste sandwiched compost on bok choy seeds, plants and soil properties
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2023
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113257/1/113257.pdf
_version_	1818586148180590592

Effects of food waste sandwiched compost on Bok Choy seeds, plants and soil properties

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