Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions

Environmental pollution is greatly caused by industrialization as well as human beings and water contamination is one of the major hazards for living. Many kinds of contaminants have been studied such as bacteria, viruses, organic molecules, dyes and heavy metal ions, such as Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Baby, Rabia
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	Sewage - Purification - Heavy metals removal. Nanostructured materials
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113981/1/113981.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-upm-ir.113981
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.1139812024-11-28T08:20:39Z Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions 2022-09 Baby, Rabia Environmental pollution is greatly caused by industrialization as well as human beings and water contamination is one of the major hazards for living. Many kinds of contaminants have been studied such as bacteria, viruses, organic molecules, dyes and heavy metal ions, such as Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, As3+, Cu2+and Hg2+, etc. Among all these contaminants, heavy metal ions are non-biodegradable in nature and can accumulate in the human body continuously over time, which results in severe adverse effects like a breakdown of the nervous system, skin diseases, liver damage, kidney failure, anemia, hepatitis, ulcers and carcinogenic. The key objectives of this study are to prepare the PKS powder, the functionalization of the PKS powder, preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial (ACN) and functionalized ACN and application for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, four heavy metal ions namely chromium (Cr6+), lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+) and zinc (Zn2+) were selected as the water contaminants. Furthermore, four different bio-sorbents were prepared namely PKS powder, functionalized PKS (PKS-Sulfo), activated carbon (AC) and functionalized activated carbon (FAC). All of these adsorbents were successfully applied for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. They showed good adsorption affinities for the Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ heavy metal ions. Adsorption of Cr6+ and Pb2+ was determined to be maximum almost reach to 99% in case of each adsorbent. The Cd2+ whose adsorption was found to be 80-85% , followed by 70-75% of Zn2+ ions adsorption in all four applied adsorbents.Two isotherm models namely Freundlich and Langmuir and three kinetics models namely the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Parabolic diffusion were applied for the determinations of kinetic interactions between the adsorbents; ( PKS, PKS-Sulfo, AC and FAC ) and the adsorbates; (Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ). The adsorption followed Pseudo Second Order in all cases of the adsorbents. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to be followed in case of PKS-Sulfo, and only zinc adsorption in PKS,apart from this Aacivated carbon (AC, Functionalzied Activated Carbon (FAC) as well as PKS were found to follow Freundlich isotherm model. PKSSulfo The adsorption efficiency among all four adsorbents was found to be in the order of FAC> AC>PKS-Sulfo>PKS. This is a greener approach that can serve the dual Sewage - Purification - Heavy metals removal. Nanostructured materials 2022-09 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113981/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113981/1/113981.pdf text en public http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18038 doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Sewage - Purification - Heavy metals removal. Nanostructured materials Hussein, Mohd Zobir
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Hussein, Mohd Zobir
topic	Sewage - Purification - Heavy metals removal. Nanostructured materials
spellingShingle	Sewage - Purification - Heavy metals removal. Nanostructured materials Baby, Rabia Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions
description	Environmental pollution is greatly caused by industrialization as well as human beings and water contamination is one of the major hazards for living. Many kinds of contaminants have been studied such as bacteria, viruses, organic molecules, dyes and heavy metal ions, such as Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, As3+, Cu2+and Hg2+, etc. Among all these contaminants, heavy metal ions are non-biodegradable in nature and can accumulate in the human body continuously over time, which results in severe adverse effects like a breakdown of the nervous system, skin diseases, liver damage, kidney failure, anemia, hepatitis, ulcers and carcinogenic. The key objectives of this study are to prepare the PKS powder, the functionalization of the PKS powder, preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial (ACN) and functionalized ACN and application for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, four heavy metal ions namely chromium (Cr6+), lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+) and zinc (Zn2+) were selected as the water contaminants. Furthermore, four different bio-sorbents were prepared namely PKS powder, functionalized PKS (PKS-Sulfo), activated carbon (AC) and functionalized activated carbon (FAC). All of these adsorbents were successfully applied for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. They showed good adsorption affinities for the Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ heavy metal ions. Adsorption of Cr6+ and Pb2+ was determined to be maximum almost reach to 99% in case of each adsorbent. The Cd2+ whose adsorption was found to be 80-85% , followed by 70-75% of Zn2+ ions adsorption in all four applied adsorbents.Two isotherm models namely Freundlich and Langmuir and three kinetics models namely the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Parabolic diffusion were applied for the determinations of kinetic interactions between the adsorbents; ( PKS, PKS-Sulfo, AC and FAC ) and the adsorbates; (Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ). The adsorption followed Pseudo Second Order in all cases of the adsorbents. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to be followed in case of PKS-Sulfo, and only zinc adsorption in PKS,apart from this Aacivated carbon (AC, Functionalzied Activated Carbon (FAC) as well as PKS were found to follow Freundlich isotherm model. PKSSulfo The adsorption efficiency among all four adsorbents was found to be in the order of FAC> AC>PKS-Sulfo>PKS. This is a greener approach that can serve the dual
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Baby, Rabia
author_facet	Baby, Rabia
author_sort	Baby, Rabia
title	Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions
title_short	Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions
title_full	Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions
title_fullStr	Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions
title_sort	preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2022
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113981/1/113981.pdf
_version_	1818586174971707392

Preparation of activated carbon nanomaterial from palm oil kernel shell for removal of heavy metal ions

Similar Items