Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks

Sludge is an unavoidable by-product of wastewater treatment and creates problem of disposal. Generally, dewatered sludge is disposed of by landfilling. However, this option might not be appropriate due to land limitation and stringent environmental regulations imposed. Therefore, a joint effort s...

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Main Author:	Wong, Calvin Hong Kiat
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2002
Subjects:	Sewage sludge Sewerage
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/12112/1/FK_2002_75.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.12112
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.121122024-06-28T07:55:30Z Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks 2002-08 Wong, Calvin Hong Kiat Sludge is an unavoidable by-product of wastewater treatment and creates problem of disposal. Generally, dewatered sludge is disposed of by landfilling. However, this option might not be appropriate due to land limitation and stringent environmental regulations imposed. Therefore, a joint effort study between IWK and UPM was carried out to investigate the possibility of incorporating dried sludge in building bricks at laboratory level as an alternative means of sludge disposal while being an innovative way of making construction materials. Bricks were produced with sludge additions ranging from 10 to 40% by dry weight. The texture and finish on the surface of sludge-amended clay bricks were rather poor. Nonetheless, they were every bit as attractive due to being light red in colour and odourless. As for physical and chemical properties, bricks with up to 40wt% sludge were capable of meeting the appropriate technical standards. However, bricks with more than 30wt% sludge amendment were not recommended for use since they were brittle and easily broken even when handled gently, Heavy metal leaching test carried out on crushed brick samples to simulate extreme environmental conditions resulted in leachate losses way below the USEP A extraction procedure regulatory limits. Therefore, all the bricks with different proportions of sludge were classified as non-hazardous materials and should be safe for use as a building material. In this study, which used the classical handmoulding method to compact the brick specimens in custom-made wooden moulds, the quality of bricks produced were quite varied and the structural properties results obtained were less than satisfactory compared to that of other researchers (using extruders) mainly due to the more uniform and higher moulding pressure applied on their bricks. However, results obtained in this study would serve as a guide to subsequent full-scale studies. On top of that, some anticipated improvements for future full-scale brickrnaking process based on the preliminary results, to produce better quality bricks, was given due attention. Knowing that the technical criteria of the bricks could be optimized, however, this process may require consumer education and regulatory assistance for long term success and acceptance. Sewage sludge Sewerage 2002-08 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/12112/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/12112/1/FK_2002_75.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Sewage sludge Sewerage Faculty of Engineering English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Sewage sludge Sewerage
spellingShingle	Sewage sludge Sewerage Wong, Calvin Hong Kiat Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks
description	Sludge is an unavoidable by-product of wastewater treatment and creates problem of disposal. Generally, dewatered sludge is disposed of by landfilling. However, this option might not be appropriate due to land limitation and stringent environmental regulations imposed. Therefore, a joint effort study between IWK and UPM was carried out to investigate the possibility of incorporating dried sludge in building bricks at laboratory level as an alternative means of sludge disposal while being an innovative way of making construction materials. Bricks were produced with sludge additions ranging from 10 to 40% by dry weight. The texture and finish on the surface of sludge-amended clay bricks were rather poor. Nonetheless, they were every bit as attractive due to being light red in colour and odourless. As for physical and chemical properties, bricks with up to 40wt% sludge were capable of meeting the appropriate technical standards. However, bricks with more than 30wt% sludge amendment were not recommended for use since they were brittle and easily broken even when handled gently, Heavy metal leaching test carried out on crushed brick samples to simulate extreme environmental conditions resulted in leachate losses way below the USEP A extraction procedure regulatory limits. Therefore, all the bricks with different proportions of sludge were classified as non-hazardous materials and should be safe for use as a building material. In this study, which used the classical handmoulding method to compact the brick specimens in custom-made wooden moulds, the quality of bricks produced were quite varied and the structural properties results obtained were less than satisfactory compared to that of other researchers (using extruders) mainly due to the more uniform and higher moulding pressure applied on their bricks. However, results obtained in this study would serve as a guide to subsequent full-scale studies. On top of that, some anticipated improvements for future full-scale brickrnaking process based on the preliminary results, to produce better quality bricks, was given due attention. Knowing that the technical criteria of the bricks could be optimized, however, this process may require consumer education and regulatory assistance for long term success and acceptance.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Wong, Calvin Hong Kiat
author_facet	Wong, Calvin Hong Kiat
author_sort	Wong, Calvin Hong Kiat
title	Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks
title_short	Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks
title_full	Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks
title_fullStr	Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks
title_full_unstemmed	Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks
title_sort	determination of sewage sludge composition as partial substitute in clay bricks
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering
publishDate	2002
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/12112/1/FK_2002_75.pdf
_version_	1804888682494164992

Determination Of Sewage Sludge Composition As Partial Substitute In Clay Bricks

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