Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.

Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.

In this thesis the determination of moisture content in hevea latex using novel monopole antenna technique is described. The measurement set-up includes a computer controlled Professional Network Analyzer (PNA) of model N5230A and monopole antenna. The antenna was connected to the PNA using a low-lo...

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Main Author: Ali, Ali Hamad
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2011
Subjects:
Monopole antennas
Latex - Moisture
Rubber
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26976/1/FS%202011%2086R.pdf
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spelling my-upm-ir.269762022-01-26T05:43:09Z Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex. 2011-07 Ali, Ali Hamad In this thesis the determination of moisture content in hevea latex using novel monopole antenna technique is described. The measurement set-up includes a computer controlled Professional Network Analyzer (PNA) of model N5230A and monopole antenna. The antenna was connected to the PNA using a low-loss coaxial cable to measure magnitude of reflection coefficient from 2.2 GHz to 2.7 GHz. Measurement of complex relative permittivity of hevea latex was done by using coaxial line probes (HP 85070B) coupled with the PNA. The actual moisture content was found by using standard oven drying method. Data analysis has been carried out to establish optimal operating frequency based on the relationship between the magnitude of reflection coefficient and moisture content from 20% to 80% for all frequencies where minimum reflections took place and other selected frequencies. Functional relationships have been developed between magnitude of reflection coefficient, frequency shifts and moisture content. The magnitude of reflection coefficient was found to increase linearly as moisture content increasing from 2.2 GHz to 2.3 GHz. A linear relationship between frequency shifts (Δf) and moisture content from 2.2 GHz to 2.7 GHz was also obtained. The performance characteristic of monopole antenna as a hevea latex moisture sensor was given as well as comparison between measured and calculated values of impedance at 2.30 GHz, results was found decreasing with increasing moisture content. The results obtained in this aspect are in good agreement at low moisture content (i.e. < 40%). The relationship between the reflection coefficient magnitude and measurement data at low moisture content section was more linear with higher sensitivity compared to those at high moisture content sections. Furthermore, the mean linearity error at low moisture content section was large than at high moisture content sections. The probability distribution of error was normal and almost symmetric with value of skewness equal to zero. By comparing the results from other microwave methods with the results obtained from this study, this technique is very potential and successfully determined the amount of moisture content in hevea latex from 20% to 80% at a frequency of 2.3 GHz. This technique is non-destructive and the sensor is very cheap which cost only two dollars and since there is no chemical reagent needed there will be no daily expenditure. This method is accurate and rapid because it does not requires laborious sample preparation and the whole operation only takes few minutes. The antenna can be used to measure specified range of moisture content in hevea latex based on measured magnitude of reflection coefficient alone at 2.30 GHz within ±1.5595% of error. Monopole antennas Latex - Moisture Rubber 2011-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26976/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26976/1/FS%202011%2086R.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Monopole antennas Latex - Moisture Rubber Faculty of Science English
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection PSAS Institutional Repository
language English
English
topic Monopole antennas
Latex - Moisture
Rubber
spellingShingle Monopole antennas
Latex - Moisture
Rubber
Ali, Ali Hamad
Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.
description In this thesis the determination of moisture content in hevea latex using novel monopole antenna technique is described. The measurement set-up includes a computer controlled Professional Network Analyzer (PNA) of model N5230A and monopole antenna. The antenna was connected to the PNA using a low-loss coaxial cable to measure magnitude of reflection coefficient from 2.2 GHz to 2.7 GHz. Measurement of complex relative permittivity of hevea latex was done by using coaxial line probes (HP 85070B) coupled with the PNA. The actual moisture content was found by using standard oven drying method. Data analysis has been carried out to establish optimal operating frequency based on the relationship between the magnitude of reflection coefficient and moisture content from 20% to 80% for all frequencies where minimum reflections took place and other selected frequencies. Functional relationships have been developed between magnitude of reflection coefficient, frequency shifts and moisture content. The magnitude of reflection coefficient was found to increase linearly as moisture content increasing from 2.2 GHz to 2.3 GHz. A linear relationship between frequency shifts (Δf) and moisture content from 2.2 GHz to 2.7 GHz was also obtained. The performance characteristic of monopole antenna as a hevea latex moisture sensor was given as well as comparison between measured and calculated values of impedance at 2.30 GHz, results was found decreasing with increasing moisture content. The results obtained in this aspect are in good agreement at low moisture content (i.e. < 40%). The relationship between the reflection coefficient magnitude and measurement data at low moisture content section was more linear with higher sensitivity compared to those at high moisture content sections. Furthermore, the mean linearity error at low moisture content section was large than at high moisture content sections. The probability distribution of error was normal and almost symmetric with value of skewness equal to zero. By comparing the results from other microwave methods with the results obtained from this study, this technique is very potential and successfully determined the amount of moisture content in hevea latex from 20% to 80% at a frequency of 2.3 GHz. This technique is non-destructive and the sensor is very cheap which cost only two dollars and since there is no chemical reagent needed there will be no daily expenditure. This method is accurate and rapid because it does not requires laborious sample preparation and the whole operation only takes few minutes. The antenna can be used to measure specified range of moisture content in hevea latex based on measured magnitude of reflection coefficient alone at 2.30 GHz within ±1.5595% of error.
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Ali, Ali Hamad
author_facet Ali, Ali Hamad
author_sort Ali, Ali Hamad
title Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.
title_short Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.
title_full Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.
title_fullStr Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.
title_full_unstemmed Novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.
title_sort novel monopole antenna technique for determination of moisture content in hevea rubber latex.
granting_institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department Faculty of Science
publishDate 2011
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26976/1/FS%202011%2086R.pdf
_version_ 1747811564169199616

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