Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide

Water-in-diesel nanoemulsions are considered as alternative fuels for internal combustion engines, to enhance combustion efficiencies and reduce exhaust emissions. A high energy emulsification process using a range of ultrsonication amplitudes (20 to 35 % with 10 minutes processing time) was employe...

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Main Author:	Salahuddin, Bidita Binte
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	Cerium oxides Diesel automobiles Alternative fuel
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/48104/1/FK%202014%2042R.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.481042017-08-11T03:55:30Z Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide 2014-03 Salahuddin, Bidita Binte Water-in-diesel nanoemulsions are considered as alternative fuels for internal combustion engines, to enhance combustion efficiencies and reduce exhaust emissions. A high energy emulsification process using a range of ultrsonication amplitudes (20 to 35 % with 10 minutes processing time) was employed to prepare nanoemulsion fuels. Nanoemulsion fuels were formulated by using a range of surfactant (Triton X-100) concentrations (0.31 % to 0.49 % w/w) with varying water concentrations (0.80% to 1.15% w/w). Cerium oxide (CeO2) was also incorporated into the nanoemulsion fuels in order to evaluate the effect of fuel additive on the nanoemulsion properties. A screening method was carried out to determine the most suitable experimental conditions for the formation of nanoemulsion fuel in terms of improved combustion and emission properties. The screening process was conducted by analysing the emission of fuels from an engine test bed, namely CO2, CO and NOx. It was found that nanoemulsion fuels have the ability to reduce exhaust emissions compared to that of neat diesel. The exhaust temperature of neat diesel was found to be 290 °C along with the CO2, CO and NO emission concentrations of 21784, 766, and 276 ppm, respectively. A significant reduction of exhaust temperature (up to 33%) as well as NOx emission (up to 61%) was obtained during the combustion of cerium oxide enriched nanoemulsions compared to those without. The physico-chemical properties of screened nanoemulsions such as color, density,fuel stability, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point, acid number, calorific value and cetane number were determined and comparison was made to neat diesel. The destabilization methods; mainly Ostwald ripening was discussed to investigate the stability of nanoemulsions. The morphology of the nanoemulsions was studied by using the micrographs obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of the droplets formed in the prepared nanoemulsion fuel was found in the range of 1.5 nm to 74.0 nm. Overall, nanoemulsion fuels show great potential as alternative fuels. Cerium oxides Diesel automobiles Alternative fuel 2014-03 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/48104/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/48104/1/FK%202014%2042R.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Cerium oxides Diesel automobiles Alternative fuel
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Cerium oxides Diesel automobiles Alternative fuel
spellingShingle	Cerium oxides Diesel automobiles Alternative fuel Salahuddin, Bidita Binte Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide
description	Water-in-diesel nanoemulsions are considered as alternative fuels for internal combustion engines, to enhance combustion efficiencies and reduce exhaust emissions. A high energy emulsification process using a range of ultrsonication amplitudes (20 to 35 % with 10 minutes processing time) was employed to prepare nanoemulsion fuels. Nanoemulsion fuels were formulated by using a range of surfactant (Triton X-100) concentrations (0.31 % to 0.49 % w/w) with varying water concentrations (0.80% to 1.15% w/w). Cerium oxide (CeO2) was also incorporated into the nanoemulsion fuels in order to evaluate the effect of fuel additive on the nanoemulsion properties. A screening method was carried out to determine the most suitable experimental conditions for the formation of nanoemulsion fuel in terms of improved combustion and emission properties. The screening process was conducted by analysing the emission of fuels from an engine test bed, namely CO2, CO and NOx. It was found that nanoemulsion fuels have the ability to reduce exhaust emissions compared to that of neat diesel. The exhaust temperature of neat diesel was found to be 290 °C along with the CO2, CO and NO emission concentrations of 21784, 766, and 276 ppm, respectively. A significant reduction of exhaust temperature (up to 33%) as well as NOx emission (up to 61%) was obtained during the combustion of cerium oxide enriched nanoemulsions compared to those without. The physico-chemical properties of screened nanoemulsions such as color, density,fuel stability, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point, acid number, calorific value and cetane number were determined and comparison was made to neat diesel. The destabilization methods; mainly Ostwald ripening was discussed to investigate the stability of nanoemulsions. The morphology of the nanoemulsions was studied by using the micrographs obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of the droplets formed in the prepared nanoemulsion fuel was found in the range of 1.5 nm to 74.0 nm. Overall, nanoemulsion fuels show great potential as alternative fuels.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Salahuddin, Bidita Binte
author_facet	Salahuddin, Bidita Binte
author_sort	Salahuddin, Bidita Binte
title	Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide
title_short	Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide
title_full	Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide
title_fullStr	Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide
title_sort	preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2014
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/48104/1/FK%202014%2042R.pdf
_version_	1747811962441433088

Preparation and characterization of triton-water-diesel nanoemulsion with and without cerium oxide

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