Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites

In this study, octadecylamine (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine (DDA-MMT) modified natrium-montmorillonites (Na-MMTs) were used to prepare polypropylene-natural rubber /clay nanocomposites. The products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ene...

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Main Author:	Goh, Wei Chee
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2007
Subjects:	Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/1/FS_2007_33.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.50272013-05-27T07:19:52Z Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites 2007 Goh, Wei Chee In this study, octadecylamine (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine (DDA-MMT) modified natrium-montmorillonites (Na-MMTs) were used to prepare polypropylene-natural rubber /clay nanocomposites. The products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy (EFTEM), Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) and tensile measurement. To prepare the nanocomposites, the ODA-MMT and DDA-MMT were blend with polypropylene and natural rubber in the ratio of 70: 30, by using an internal mixer. The study of blending speed, temperature and period shows that under the following blending conditions: 80 r.p.m. of rotor speed, temperature of 180oC and 6 minutes of blending period, the hybrid produced with maximum tensile strength and elongation at break was obtained. The optimum clay content to give maximum tensile strength is 1 php. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the blend, different amount of N, N’-m- phenylenedimaleimide (HVA-2) was blended with PPNR and their properties were also studied by tensile measurement, TGA and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). One php of HVA-2 was taken as the optimum concentration to be incorporated in PPNR because it gave the highest tensile improvement. The tensile properties and thermal degradation behaviour of PPNR/clay crosslinked with HVA-2 were then compared with the properties of PPNR/clay which consists of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAgPP) as a compatibilizer. HVA-2 crosslinked PPNR/clay shows higher tensile strength and elongation at break improvement compared to that of the MAgPP compatibilized PPNR/clay. However, the TGA thermograms of these two systems are very similar. The PPNR/HVA-2/clay nanocomposites were further modified by changing their clay contents. XRD and TEM analyses show that octadecylamine modified montmorillonite (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine modified montmorillonite (DDA-MMT) produce a mixture of intercalation and flocculation, and of intercalation and exfoliation in the hybrids, respectively. By incorporating 1 and 2 php of ODAMMT into the HVA-2 crosslinked PPNR, the tensile strength of the hybrid increases about 10%. One php of DDAMMT clay loaded in the blend causes 7% of increment in tensile strength. The thermal degradation of both organoclay loaded blends is almost the same as the sample with the low clay content. Increase the modified clay content to 5 php improves the degradation temperature of 20oC. Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 2007 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/1/FS_2007_33.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Science English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
spellingShingle	Polypropylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Goh, Wei Chee Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
description	In this study, octadecylamine (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine (DDA-MMT) modified natrium-montmorillonites (Na-MMTs) were used to prepare polypropylene-natural rubber /clay nanocomposites. The products were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy (EFTEM), Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) and tensile measurement. To prepare the nanocomposites, the ODA-MMT and DDA-MMT were blend with polypropylene and natural rubber in the ratio of 70: 30, by using an internal mixer. The study of blending speed, temperature and period shows that under the following blending conditions: 80 r.p.m. of rotor speed, temperature of 180oC and 6 minutes of blending period, the hybrid produced with maximum tensile strength and elongation at break was obtained. The optimum clay content to give maximum tensile strength is 1 php. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the blend, different amount of N, N’-m- phenylenedimaleimide (HVA-2) was blended with PPNR and their properties were also studied by tensile measurement, TGA and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). One php of HVA-2 was taken as the optimum concentration to be incorporated in PPNR because it gave the highest tensile improvement. The tensile properties and thermal degradation behaviour of PPNR/clay crosslinked with HVA-2 were then compared with the properties of PPNR/clay which consists of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAgPP) as a compatibilizer. HVA-2 crosslinked PPNR/clay shows higher tensile strength and elongation at break improvement compared to that of the MAgPP compatibilized PPNR/clay. However, the TGA thermograms of these two systems are very similar. The PPNR/HVA-2/clay nanocomposites were further modified by changing their clay contents. XRD and TEM analyses show that octadecylamine modified montmorillonite (ODA-MMT) and dodecylamine modified montmorillonite (DDA-MMT) produce a mixture of intercalation and flocculation, and of intercalation and exfoliation in the hybrids, respectively. By incorporating 1 and 2 php of ODAMMT into the HVA-2 crosslinked PPNR, the tensile strength of the hybrid increases about 10%. One php of DDAMMT clay loaded in the blend causes 7% of increment in tensile strength. The thermal degradation of both organoclay loaded blends is almost the same as the sample with the low clay content. Increase the modified clay content to 5 php improves the degradation temperature of 20oC.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Goh, Wei Chee
author_facet	Goh, Wei Chee
author_sort	Goh, Wei Chee
title	Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
title_short	Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
title_full	Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
title_fullStr	Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
title_sort	preparation and characterization of polypropylene-natural rubber/clay nanocomposites
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Science
publishDate	2007
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5027/1/FS_2007_33.pdf
_version_	1747810334424432640

Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene-Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites

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