Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic fungus that aids in nutrient uptake, enhances root development and promotes plant growth in most of the vascular flowering plants. Under natural conditions, oil palm is often colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM was also proposed to mitigate Ganoderma infectio...

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Main Author:	Tee, Sue Sean
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2009
Subjects:	Mycorrhizas - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies Ganoderma - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5637/1/FBSB_2009_3_A.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.5637
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spelling	my-upm-ir.56372013-05-27T07:24:09Z Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots 2009 Tee, Sue Sean Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic fungus that aids in nutrient uptake, enhances root development and promotes plant growth in most of the vascular flowering plants. Under natural conditions, oil palm is often colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM was also proposed to mitigate Ganoderma infection, which leads to basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm. In this study, cDNA microarray approach was used to examine the transcript profile of oil palm roots during the development of AM symbiosis and upon Ganoderma infection. Besides, the role of AM as a biocontrol agent against BSR disease was also investigated. The analysis of microarray results using LIMMA (Linear Model for Microarray Analysis) revealed that different sets of genes were expressed upon different interactions. A total of 183 genes, 123 genes and 391 genes were up- or down-regulated in oil palm in response to mycorrhizal inoculation, Ganoderma infection and Ganoderma-mycorrhizal inoculation, respectively. Among the differentially expressed genes, defense and stress related genes formed the largest category in all three treatments, such as putative beta 1,3-glucanase, early methionine labeled polypeptide, metallothionein-like protein and type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein cinnamomin III precursor. These transcripts were regulated differently in different experimental conditions. Isoflavone reductase homolog was found to be differentially expressed in Ganoderma infected root, implying the involvement of isoflavonoid phytoalexin in oil palm defense system against BSR disease. The results also showed that different types of protein kinase and calmodulin were differentially expressed in mycorrhizal symbiosis and Ganoderma infection. The WRKY and bHLH transcription factors were among the transcription factors which have been identified in oil palm mycorrhizal and Ganoderma interaction studies. In addition, a number of cell wall related proteins such as plasma membrane proteins were differentially expressed in mycorrhizal and Ganoderma-mycorrhizal treatment inferring the importance of cell wall proteins during mycorrhizal inoculation. Although the mycorrhization of oil palm was unable to suppress Ganoderma infection, the transcription profiles of oil palm Ganoderma-mycorrhizal interaction showed that many defense related transcripts were induced indicating that mycorrhiza might induce systemic resistance of oil palm against Ganoderma infection. In conclusion, the findings of this study have provided new insights into the molecular events that happened during symbiotic and pathogenic associations of fungi with oil palms. Mycorrhizas - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies Ganoderma - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies 2009 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5637/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5637/1/FBSB_2009_3_A.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Mycorrhizas - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies Ganoderma - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular sciences English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Mycorrhizas - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies Ganoderma - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies
spellingShingle	Mycorrhizas - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies Ganoderma - Oil palm - Roots (Botany) - Case studies Tee, Sue Sean Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots
description	Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic fungus that aids in nutrient uptake, enhances root development and promotes plant growth in most of the vascular flowering plants. Under natural conditions, oil palm is often colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM was also proposed to mitigate Ganoderma infection, which leads to basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm. In this study, cDNA microarray approach was used to examine the transcript profile of oil palm roots during the development of AM symbiosis and upon Ganoderma infection. Besides, the role of AM as a biocontrol agent against BSR disease was also investigated. The analysis of microarray results using LIMMA (Linear Model for Microarray Analysis) revealed that different sets of genes were expressed upon different interactions. A total of 183 genes, 123 genes and 391 genes were up- or down-regulated in oil palm in response to mycorrhizal inoculation, Ganoderma infection and Ganoderma-mycorrhizal inoculation, respectively. Among the differentially expressed genes, defense and stress related genes formed the largest category in all three treatments, such as putative beta 1,3-glucanase, early methionine labeled polypeptide, metallothionein-like protein and type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein cinnamomin III precursor. These transcripts were regulated differently in different experimental conditions. Isoflavone reductase homolog was found to be differentially expressed in Ganoderma infected root, implying the involvement of isoflavonoid phytoalexin in oil palm defense system against BSR disease. The results also showed that different types of protein kinase and calmodulin were differentially expressed in mycorrhizal symbiosis and Ganoderma infection. The WRKY and bHLH transcription factors were among the transcription factors which have been identified in oil palm mycorrhizal and Ganoderma interaction studies. In addition, a number of cell wall related proteins such as plasma membrane proteins were differentially expressed in mycorrhizal and Ganoderma-mycorrhizal treatment inferring the importance of cell wall proteins during mycorrhizal inoculation. Although the mycorrhization of oil palm was unable to suppress Ganoderma infection, the transcription profiles of oil palm Ganoderma-mycorrhizal interaction showed that many defense related transcripts were induced indicating that mycorrhiza might induce systemic resistance of oil palm against Ganoderma infection. In conclusion, the findings of this study have provided new insights into the molecular events that happened during symbiotic and pathogenic associations of fungi with oil palms.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Tee, Sue Sean
author_facet	Tee, Sue Sean
author_sort	Tee, Sue Sean
title	Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots
title_short	Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots
title_full	Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots
title_fullStr	Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots
title_sort	transcriptional changes in response to single and combine inoculation of mycorrhiza and ganoderma in oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) roots
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular sciences
publishDate	2009
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5637/1/FBSB_2009_3_A.pdf
_version_	1747810454785228800

Transcriptional Changes In Response To Single And Combine Inoculation Of Mycorrhiza And Ganoderma In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Roots

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