Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation
A basic requirement in the design of a trickle irrigation system is to obtain more information about the shape and size of the wetted soil zone. This will ensure precise placement of water and nutrients in the active root zone to meet the requirements of precision farming. A series of laboratory...
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2005
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M. Ekhmaj, Ahmed I. Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation |
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A basic requirement in the design of a trickle irrigation system is to obtain more
information about the shape and size of the wetted soil zone. This will ensure precise
placement of water and nutrients in the active root zone to meet the requirements of
precision farming. A series of laboratory and field experiments were conducted to
determine water and solute distribution pattern in soil under point source trickle
irrigation. Three types of experiments were conducted. The focus of the first type of
experiment was to study the effect of water application rate and the amount of water on
water movement in the lateral and vertical direction. River sand and sandy loam soil
were used as the media in a plexiglass container. These experiments were conducted
under laboratory conditions where the application rates of 0.75 and 3.4 I/h were used for
river sand soil while 1 and 3.0 I/h were used for sandy loam soil. The second type of
experiments was conducted on river sand in the laboratory using a wooden box. The
purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of application rate and amount of
irrigation water on the surface wetted radius. Application rates of 3, 5.5 and 7 I/h were
used. The third type of experiment was conducted under field conditions. The experiments were designed for field evaluation of water and solute movement from a
point source. Sandy and sandy loam soils were selected for these experiments and the
application rates varied from 1.5 to 6 Ilh. The results fiom the experiments revealed that
for all soil types, lateral movement of the wetting front and the surface wetted radius as
measured at the soil surface approached a limit with elapsed time. A linear relationship
was found between vertical wetting front advance and the square root of elapsed time.
The results obtained fiom both plexi glass and wooden box experiment showed that the
water application rates caused a notable effect on the surface wetted radius, where
increase in the application rates contributed to an increase in the surface wetted radius.
On the other hand the statistical analysis of the field experiment results showed
insignificant effect of the application rates on the surface wetted radius. Increase in the
discharge rate caused a decrease in the vertical advance of the wetting front for both
sandy and sandy loam soils under field conditions, and sandy loam soil in the plexiglass
experiments. The maximum volumetric moisture content after irrigation was found in
the region just below the irrigation source. The statistical analysis of moisture
distribution data under field conditions showed insignificant effect of water application
rate on the water content distribution within the boundary of 17.5 and 27.5 cm in radial
and vertical distance, respectively. The patterns of the chloride concentration
distribution were similar to those for moisture content distribution. The effect of inlet
chloride concentration on the distribution of chloride concentration was significant in
both soils. The greater the concentration at the inlet, the higher the chloride
concentration in the soil. For both types of soil, most of the treatments indicated
insignificant effect of application rate on the chloride distribution. Two simple models
based on the average change in volumetric water content (AO), total volume of water applied (V,), application rate (q,) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) were
developed to determine the surface wetted radius (r) and vertical advance of the wetting
front (z) produced from point source trickle irrigation, r= 0.26 -0.03 -0 03 ~ 0 -V, ~ -q, ~ ~ ks . and
z= 80-0.38 V, 0.36 q, -0.1k s0 .1 9 . These models were verified with the data from this study
and other published experiments under different conditions. The results obtained from
both types of data improved the capability of using these models for designing a trickle
irrigation system. In this study, Hydrus-2D model was used to simulate water and solute
distribution under point source trickle irrigation. Good agreements were found between
simulated and experimental results regarding location of the wetting front, water
distribution and solute concentration under different application rates. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_name |
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) |
| qualification_level |
Doctorate |
| author |
M. Ekhmaj, Ahmed I. |
| author_facet |
M. Ekhmaj, Ahmed I. |
| author_sort |
M. Ekhmaj, Ahmed I. |
| title |
Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation |
| title_short |
Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation |
| title_full |
Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation |
| title_fullStr |
Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation |
| title_sort |
water and solute distribution pattern in soil under point source trickle irrigation |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| granting_department |
Engineering |
| publishDate |
2005 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5994/1/FK_2005_11.pdf |
| _version_ |
1776100244408238080 |
| spelling |
my-upm-ir.59942023-01-03T07:26:42Z Water and Solute Distribution Pattern in Soil Under Point Source Trickle Irrigation 2005-12 M. Ekhmaj, Ahmed I. A basic requirement in the design of a trickle irrigation system is to obtain more information about the shape and size of the wetted soil zone. This will ensure precise placement of water and nutrients in the active root zone to meet the requirements of precision farming. A series of laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine water and solute distribution pattern in soil under point source trickle irrigation. Three types of experiments were conducted. The focus of the first type of experiment was to study the effect of water application rate and the amount of water on water movement in the lateral and vertical direction. River sand and sandy loam soil were used as the media in a plexiglass container. These experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions where the application rates of 0.75 and 3.4 I/h were used for river sand soil while 1 and 3.0 I/h were used for sandy loam soil. The second type of experiments was conducted on river sand in the laboratory using a wooden box. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of application rate and amount of irrigation water on the surface wetted radius. Application rates of 3, 5.5 and 7 I/h were used. The third type of experiment was conducted under field conditions. The experiments were designed for field evaluation of water and solute movement from a point source. Sandy and sandy loam soils were selected for these experiments and the application rates varied from 1.5 to 6 Ilh. The results fiom the experiments revealed that for all soil types, lateral movement of the wetting front and the surface wetted radius as measured at the soil surface approached a limit with elapsed time. A linear relationship was found between vertical wetting front advance and the square root of elapsed time. The results obtained fiom both plexi glass and wooden box experiment showed that the water application rates caused a notable effect on the surface wetted radius, where increase in the application rates contributed to an increase in the surface wetted radius. On the other hand the statistical analysis of the field experiment results showed insignificant effect of the application rates on the surface wetted radius. Increase in the discharge rate caused a decrease in the vertical advance of the wetting front for both sandy and sandy loam soils under field conditions, and sandy loam soil in the plexiglass experiments. The maximum volumetric moisture content after irrigation was found in the region just below the irrigation source. The statistical analysis of moisture distribution data under field conditions showed insignificant effect of water application rate on the water content distribution within the boundary of 17.5 and 27.5 cm in radial and vertical distance, respectively. The patterns of the chloride concentration distribution were similar to those for moisture content distribution. The effect of inlet chloride concentration on the distribution of chloride concentration was significant in both soils. The greater the concentration at the inlet, the higher the chloride concentration in the soil. For both types of soil, most of the treatments indicated insignificant effect of application rate on the chloride distribution. Two simple models based on the average change in volumetric water content (AO), total volume of water applied (V,), application rate (q,) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) were developed to determine the surface wetted radius (r) and vertical advance of the wetting front (z) produced from point source trickle irrigation, r= 0.26 -0.03 -0 03 ~ 0 -V, ~ -q, ~ ~ ks . and z= 80-0.38 V, 0.36 q, -0.1k s0 .1 9 . These models were verified with the data from this study and other published experiments under different conditions. The results obtained from both types of data improved the capability of using these models for designing a trickle irrigation system. In this study, Hydrus-2D model was used to simulate water and solute distribution under point source trickle irrigation. Good agreements were found between simulated and experimental results regarding location of the wetting front, water distribution and solute concentration under different application rates. 2005-12 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5994/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5994/1/FK_2005_11.pdf text en public phd doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Engineering English |