Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment

Rice in the global market is increasing over the years similarly with the rice demand. Metal contamination in rice is a rising problem recently. However, limited information regarding the bioavailability of metals contamination and its health risks after rice ingestion was known. This study aimed to...

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Main Author:	Omar, Noreen Adila
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Metals Heavy - Oryza Health
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64815/1/FPSK%28m%29%202015%2045IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.64815
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Metals Heavy - Oryza Health
spellingShingle	Metals Heavy - Oryza Health Omar, Noreen Adila Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment
description	Rice in the global market is increasing over the years similarly with the rice demand. Metal contamination in rice is a rising problem recently. However, limited information regarding the bioavailability of metals contamination and its health risks after rice ingestion was known. This study aimed to determine both total and bioavailability concentrations of metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Al, Fe, Zn and Pb) in varieties of cooked rice samples. Moreover, this study aimed to compare bioavailability concentrations of \\etals with the rice varieties, rice grain size and origin. This study also aimed to calculate Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) of heavy metal in varieties of cooked rice samples and assess relationships between different bioavailability metals in varieties of cooked rice. In addition, this study also identified the similarity of chemical properties among the bioavailability metals using Cluster Analysis (CA). Lastly, this study hasassessed human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks using Health Risk Assessment (HRA). About 1 kg of rice for 22 rice varieties were purchased from local groceries and supermarket based on the convenience sampling. Total metal digestion was determined by using nitric acid while bioavailability metal digestion was done using RIVM in vitro digestion model. The metal concentrations were then analysed by using Inductively Coupled Optical Emission Spectrometry Pelkin Elmer Optima 8300. Results found that Zn concentration was the highest while As was the lowest metals concentration in both total and bioavailability concentrations. All total and bioavailability concentrations of metals were below the maximum permitted levels stated by Malaysian Food Regulation (1985), FAO/WHO CAC (1984) and FAO/WHO CAC (1989). Mann-Whitney U test results (Z values) show that there was a significant difference between total and bioavailability of metals concentration (p <0.05). Kruskal walis tests results (X2 values) also show that there was a significant differences between bioavailability concentrations of metals and rice varieties (p<0.05), except for As. However, Kruskal Walis Test (X2 values) shows no significant difference between bioavailability concentrations of metals with type of rice grains size (p>0.05). Nevertheless, Mann-Whitney U results (Z values) show no significant difference between bioavailability concentrations of metals with the rice origin (p>0.05). The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values were found in the order of Fe>Cu>Al>Zn>Cd>Co>As>Pb>Cr with parboiled rice has the highest BAF values for Fe (BAF values>1). Spearman Correlation Coefficient results (rs values) show strong positive relationships between the bioavailability metals; FeB and AlB (rs=0.83) and between AsB with PbB (rs =0.88). From Cluster Analysis (CA) results, four clusters were identified, which were Cluster 1 (Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Cr), Cluster 2 (Cu and Al), Cluster 3 (Fe), and Cluster 4 (Zn). As for HRA determination, there was no non carcinogenic health risks found (Hazard Quotient, HQ<1) for adult and children through individual heavy metal exposure. However, there was non carcinogenic health risk present among adult via the combination of these heavy metal exposures (HI > 1). On the other hand, there were potential carcinogenic health risks present for adult and children via individual intake of As (Lifetime Cancer Risk > 1x10-4). Furthermore, the values for Total Cancer Risk (TCR) for Pb and As in both adult and children were above the acceptable range (TCR > 1 x 10-4). As conclusion, this study shows that Zn was the highest metal found in 22 varieties of rice with a significant difference between total and bioavailability metal concentrations. There was also a significant difference between bioavailability metal concentration and the rice varieties. Besides, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks may posed by adult and children through their combined metal exposure in the rice.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Omar, Noreen Adila
author_facet	Omar, Noreen Adila
author_sort	Omar, Noreen Adila
title	Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment
title_short	Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment
title_full	Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment
title_fullStr	Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment
title_full_unstemmed	Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment
title_sort	total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2015
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64815/1/FPSK%28m%29%202015%2045IR.pdf
_version_	1747812312690982912
spelling	my-upm-ir.648152018-07-25T02:09:41Z Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment 2015-05 Omar, Noreen Adila Rice in the global market is increasing over the years similarly with the rice demand. Metal contamination in rice is a rising problem recently. However, limited information regarding the bioavailability of metals contamination and its health risks after rice ingestion was known. This study aimed to determine both total and bioavailability concentrations of metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Al, Fe, Zn and Pb) in varieties of cooked rice samples. Moreover, this study aimed to compare bioavailability concentrations of \\etals with the rice varieties, rice grain size and origin. This study also aimed to calculate Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) of heavy metal in varieties of cooked rice samples and assess relationships between different bioavailability metals in varieties of cooked rice. In addition, this study also identified the similarity of chemical properties among the bioavailability metals using Cluster Analysis (CA). Lastly, this study hasassessed human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks using Health Risk Assessment (HRA). About 1 kg of rice for 22 rice varieties were purchased from local groceries and supermarket based on the convenience sampling. Total metal digestion was determined by using nitric acid while bioavailability metal digestion was done using RIVM in vitro digestion model. The metal concentrations were then analysed by using Inductively Coupled Optical Emission Spectrometry Pelkin Elmer Optima 8300. Results found that Zn concentration was the highest while As was the lowest metals concentration in both total and bioavailability concentrations. All total and bioavailability concentrations of metals were below the maximum permitted levels stated by Malaysian Food Regulation (1985), FAO/WHO CAC (1984) and FAO/WHO CAC (1989). Mann-Whitney U test results (Z values) show that there was a significant difference between total and bioavailability of metals concentration (p <0.05). Kruskal walis tests results (X2 values) also show that there was a significant differences between bioavailability concentrations of metals and rice varieties (p<0.05), except for As. However, Kruskal Walis Test (X2 values) shows no significant difference between bioavailability concentrations of metals with type of rice grains size (p>0.05). Nevertheless, Mann-Whitney U results (Z values) show no significant difference between bioavailability concentrations of metals with the rice origin (p>0.05). The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values were found in the order of Fe>Cu>Al>Zn>Cd>Co>As>Pb>Cr with parboiled rice has the highest BAF values for Fe (BAF values>1). Spearman Correlation Coefficient results (rs values) show strong positive relationships between the bioavailability metals; FeB and AlB (rs=0.83) and between AsB with PbB (rs =0.88). From Cluster Analysis (CA) results, four clusters were identified, which were Cluster 1 (Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Cr), Cluster 2 (Cu and Al), Cluster 3 (Fe), and Cluster 4 (Zn). As for HRA determination, there was no non carcinogenic health risks found (Hazard Quotient, HQ<1) for adult and children through individual heavy metal exposure. However, there was non carcinogenic health risk present among adult via the combination of these heavy metal exposures (HI > 1). On the other hand, there were potential carcinogenic health risks present for adult and children via individual intake of As (Lifetime Cancer Risk > 1x10-4). Furthermore, the values for Total Cancer Risk (TCR) for Pb and As in both adult and children were above the acceptable range (TCR > 1 x 10-4). As conclusion, this study shows that Zn was the highest metal found in 22 varieties of rice with a significant difference between total and bioavailability metal concentrations. There was also a significant difference between bioavailability metal concentration and the rice varieties. Besides, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks may posed by adult and children through their combined metal exposure in the rice. Metals Heavy - Oryza Health 2015-05 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64815/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64815/1/FPSK%28m%29%202015%2045IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Metals Heavy - Oryza Health

Total and bioavailability concentrations of heavy metals in varieties of cooked rice, and health risk assessment

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