Effects of a home-based programme on physiological variables, physical activity, psychological distress and energy intake among undergraduate female students in Iraq
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of home-based programme to improve physiological variables, physical activity (PA), psychological distress (PD), and energy intake (EI) among undergraduate female students in Iraq. Besides, aimed to evaluate which variable was the most affected by the home b...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/65691/1/FPP%202016%2028IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | The study aimed to evaluate the effect of home-based programme to improve
physiological variables, physical activity (PA), psychological distress (PD), and energy
intake (EI) among undergraduate female students in Iraq. Besides, aimed to evaluate
which variable was the most affected by the home based intervention programme. The
participants were Iraqi sedentary undergraduate female students (N=44) who were
assigned to two groups consisted of experimental group (N=22) and control group
(N=22) respectively. The experimental group received a 12-week home based
intervention programme which focuses on (PA and dietary awareness), while the control
group were maintaining their usual life. Measurements for all the variables were taken
prior to the intervention (pre-test), at week 6 (post-test1), and after 12 weeks (posttest2).
Mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance was used to analyse
physiological variables and PA, while, two way repeated measure of ANOVA was used
to analyse PD and EI. In addition, Cohen's d was used to converting the Eta squared to
evaluate which of the variables was more affected by the intervention programme.
The results of Mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance shows a statistically
significant between the mean test scores in the pre-test, post-test1, and post-test2
measurements of certain physiological variables and PA in the experimental group. The
variables were diastolic blood pressure: F (2, 84) =3.507, p<0.05, blood glucose: F (2,
84) =.917, p<0.05, body fat: F (2, 84) =6.246, p<0.05, VO2max: F (2, 84) =57.277,
p<0.05, and vital capacity: F (1.654, 69.485) =16.839, p<0.05, and PA: F (2, 84)
=731.01, p<0.05) respectively. Two way repeated measures of ANOVA shows a
statistically significant between the mean test scores in the pre-test and post-test
measurements of participants‟ PD and EI in the experimental group (i.e. total PD:
F(1,42)=80.838, p<0.05, depression: F(1,42)=61.105, p<0.05, anxiety: F(1,42)=39.613,
p<0.05, stress: F(1,42)=91.271, P<0.05, EI: (F(1,42)=88.332, p<0.05) respectively. Analysis of the post-test2 scores of the experimental and control groups revealed that the
difference between the mean scores of the two groups is statistically significant in
certain physiological variables: diastolic blood pressure: F(1, 42)=4.948, p<0.05, blood
glucose: F(1,42)=8.783, p<0.05, VO2max: F(1, 42)=52.034, p<0.005, vital capacity: F(1,
42)=14.047, p<0.05, and PA F (2, 42)=2260.951, p<0.05 respectively. Meanwhile, the
analysis of the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups revealed that the
difference between the mean scores of the two groups is statistically significant in PD:
total PD: F(1,42)=47.452, p<0.05, depression: F(1, 42)=27.722, p<0.05, anxiety: F(1,
42)= 33.156, p<0.05, stress: F(1, 42)=37,310, <0.05), and EI (F(1, 42)= 40.289, p<0.05)
respectively. Finally, the Eta squared showed that certain physiological variables were
the more effected by the intervention programme blood cholesterol=18.147 and
VO2max=4.467 follow by PA= 18.147, then EI =3.701. While PD =2.774 was the
lowest effected by the home based intervention programme.
This study provided evidence that home-based intervention programme which focused
on PA and dietary awareness had a significant effect on improving physiological
variables, PA, PD, and EI. However, to achieve these benefits, exercise and dietary
programme need to be carried out regularly as a life routine. |
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